Radio_Waves_Student_Directions (1)

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PHY-222 Classical Physics II (online) Radio Waves & Electromagnetic Fields https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/radio-waves 1) For this lab, use the Radio Waves & Electromagnetic Fields simulation to guide your understanding of how Radio broadcasting and Radio receivers work. a) (5pts) How is the radiating electromagnetic signal produced when radio stations broadcast? Include a description of what is producing the signal as well as the reasoning behind how this could produce a signal. The electron which would be the source moves up and down on the pole, the electric field is produced. The first electron transfers energy to the second through the field. The particles of the radio wave appear to move up and down along the path to the second electron b) (5pts) How does an antenna work to detect an electromagnetic signal broadcast by radio station? Include the physics principles that support your description of how this signal is detected. The antenna detects the electromagnetic signal strongly in one direction then this will reverse and the electron will feel a strong force in the opposite direction, and the cycle will continue. In the radio antenna, the radio waves passing by push on the electrons in the metal in the antenna and cause them to oscillate up and down the length of the antenna. This creates a current in the antenna. 2) Using the simulation, adjust the transmitter so that it is in sinusoidal mode and the electrons are oscillating up and down at a regular frequency. This is how radio waves are broadcast. Set it so that both “display the curve” and the “radiated field” boxes are checked. a) (5pts) What does the curve represent? (Select the correct statement below) Dr. Howard – Spring 2023

PHY-222 Classical Physics II (online) i) The line of electrons being sprayed off of the antenna that then cause the receiver electron to move. ii) The path that an electron will follow due to the electromagnetic wave. iii) The evenly spaced electrons moving up and down between the two antennae. The field of negative charges that are moving through space. iv) The strength and direction of the force that would be exerted by the electromagnetic wave on an electron. Correct statement is: __ ii ________ b) Set the frequency at the mid-point of the slider and the amplitude at the mid-point of the slider. i) (5pts) Approximately how many grid marks is the wavelength of the wave (use the pause button and step button as you need to in order to get a good measure, and round to the nearest whole grid mark)? The wavelength of the wave appears to be 6 “grid marks.” ii) (5pts) If the amplitude is increased, the wavelength (Select the correct statement below) (1) Decreases (2) Increases (3) Stays the same Correct statement is: ____3______ c) Use the simulation to evaluate the following True/False statements. Provide your reasoning for each false statement. i) (5pts) If the oscillation frequency of the transmitting electron decreases, the oscillation frequency of the electron in the receiver is instantaneously affected. Statement is: False Reasoning if false: The electron will go on to the first wave of frequency which will go on until the electron has another frequency. Also there would be a speed at which the frequency is transmitted therefore instantaneous change is not possible . ii) (5pts) The electron in the receiving antenna oscillates at a lower frequency than the electron in the transmitting antenna because of the distance between the antennas. Statement is: False Reasoning if false: The antenna have the same frequency on both ends. Dr. Howard – Spring 2023

PHY-222 Classical Physics II (online) iii) (5pts) If the frequency of oscillation increases but the amplitude of the electron oscillation remains the same, then the electron in the transmitting antenna is experiencing larger accelerations (recall what you know about acceleration and motion). Statement is: True Reasoning if false: iv) (5pts) If the amplitude increases but frequency remains the same, the electron at the receiving antenna experiences larger peak forces but oscillates at the same frequency as before. Statement is: True Reasoning if false: v) (5pts) If the frequency of the transmitting electron decreases by a factor of two, it will now take longer for the electromagnetic signal to reach the receiving antenna. Statement is: False Reasoning if false: The speed of light makes the wave have a consistent speed. Since, decrease in frequency would imply increase in wavelength (as the speed of the signal remain same), it will take the same time as earlier . vi) (5pts) If the frequency decreases, the wavelength decreases. Statement is: False Reasoning if false: frequency and wavelength are inversely related. So if frequency decreases, wavelength would increase. vii) (5pts) The electromagnetic waves generated by the transmitting antenna produce currents in the receiving antenna. Statement is: True Reasoning if false: viii) (5pts) When the electron in the transmitting antenna is at its peak height, the electron in the receiving antenna is always also at its peak height. Statement is: True Reasoning if false: d) (5pts) For the radio wave transmitter in the simulation, which of the following orientations of the receiver antenna will pick up the signal? (Select all that will) i) An antenna oriented vertically Dr. Howard – Spring 2023

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PHY-222 Classical Physics II (online) ii) An antenna oriented horizontally (parallel to the ground) with one tip pointing towards the transmitting antenna (so it is oriented East-West) iii) An antenna oriented horizontally and perpendicular to the antenna in the previous answer (so it is oriented North-South) Correct statement is: ___ i and ii _______ e) (5pts) Which one of the following sets of graphs below of position vs. time, velocity vs. time, and acceleration vs. time corresponds with the motion of the electron in the receiving antenna? (It may help to remember the relationship between force and acceleration, and use the “Step” feature to step through the motion of the electron and have the vectors display the “force on an electron”.) Dr. Howard – Spring 2023

PHY-222 Classical Physics II (online) The correct graph is: ___ _v ______ Dr. Howard – Spring 2023

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