PHY 150 Tolentino M7 Momentum Lab Report

Momentum Raphael Tolentino 12 Oct 2022

Activity 1: Elastic Collision with Equal Masses Data Table 1 Table 1A. Cart A before collision. Table 1B. Cart A after collision. Table 1C. Cart B after collision. Calculations for Activity 1. Elastic Collision with Equal Masses Apply the law of conservation of momentum to the two-cart system by calculating the momentum before and after the collision. Helpful equations : Momentum before the collision = ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? Momentum after the collision = ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ Momentum before the collision = (0.069kg * 1.29m/s) + (0.071)(0) = 0.089kgm/s Momentum after the collision = (0.192kg * 0.027m/s) + (0.071kg *1.41m/s) = 0.005 + 0.100 = 0.105kgm/s Difference = 16.4% ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? = ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ Most of the energy was conserved and transferred. Cart A mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v A 0.069kg .5m Trial 1: 0.4s 0.386 1.29m/s Trial 2: 0.4s Trial 3: 0.36s Cart A mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v A ’ 0.069kg 0.015m Trial 1: 0.5s 0.543s 0.027m/s Trial 2: 0.75s Trial 3: 0.38s Cart B mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v B ’ 0.071 0.5m Trial 1: .51s 0.353s 1.41m/s Trial 2: .25s Trial 3: .30s © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company 1

Helpful equations : Momentum before the collision = ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? (0.192kg * 1.41m/s) + (0.071kg * 0) = 0.270kgm/s Momentum after the collision = ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ (0.192kg * 0.53m/s) + (0.071kg * 1.23m/s) = 0.102 + 0.087 = 0.189kgm/s Difference = 35.2% A lot of the energy was conserved. 35% was lost to outside factors such as friction. ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? = ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ 1. Calculate the momentum of the system before the collision (the left side of the equation) and after the collision (the right side of the equation). 2. Calculate the percent difference between the two values. 3. Explain any difference in the values before and after the collision. Activity 3: Elastic Collision: Mass Added to Cart B Data Table 3 Table 3A. Cart A before collision. Percent   dif ference = first   value − second   value first   value + second   value 2   x   100 % Cart A mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v A 0.192kg 0.35m Trial 1: 0.24s 0.26s 1.34m/s Trial 2: 0.29s Trial 3: 0.25s © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company 3

Table 3B. Cart A after collision. Table 3C. Cart B after collision. Calculations for Activity 3. Elastic Collision: Mass Added to Cart B . Apply the law of conservation of momentum to the two-cart system by calculating the momentum before and after the collision. Helpful equations : Momentum before the collision = ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? (0.192kg * 1.34m/s) + (0.375 * 0) = 0.257gm/s Momentum after the collision = ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ (0.192kg * -0.284m/s) + (0.375 * 0.522m/s) = -0.055 + 0.195 = 0.14kgm/s ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? = ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ + ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ࠵? ′ Difference = 0.117 / 0.195 = 0.59 * 100 = 59% More than half of the energy was lost due to the added mass of Cart B and was absorbed by either its spring or lost due to friction. 1. Calculate the momentum of the system before the collision (the left side of the equation) and after the collision (the right side of the equation). 2. Calculate the percent difference between the two values. Cart A mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v A ’ 0.192kg -0.09m Trial 1: 0.28s 0.316s -0.284m/s Trial 2: 0.32s Trial 3: 0.35s Cart B mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v B ’ 0.375kg 0.35m Trial 1: 0.65s 0.67s 0.522m/s Trial 2: 0.67s Trial 3: 0.69s Percent   dif ference = first   value − second   value first   value + second   value 2   x   100 % © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company 4