Chapter Three Lab

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Feb 20, 2024

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Chapter 3 Lab – So, for this chapter’s lab we will be using the following simulation: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/ohms-law/latest/ohms-law_en.html We will be doing two experiments, or really just repeating this first experiment twice. We will be studying Ohm’s Law. In the simulation let’s start by thinking about the independent variable. This would be the thing that we control. We can control the battery or voltage and we can control the resistance.

Let’s think about the dependent variable. This is the variable that we do not have control over but might change when the independent variable changes. The dependent variable is the current. Try changing the voltage on the battery by moving the slider around and you will see that the current increases. Try decreasing the resistance and see what happens to the current. It increases right? In order to verify this physics principle (Ohm’s law) we need to keep one of the three variables constant. Let’s keep the resistance constant. Move the slider for resistance around and then keep the resistance the same for the duration of the experiment. It really does not matter what value you choose as long as you collect this as data and include it in a data table. You can take a screen shot of the resistance to show that resistance and cut and paste that image into your lab report in the data section. Remember that you are writing a typical lab report with the following labeled sections. Title Introduction Procedure Data and Results Conclusion Now you will need to do what is often done in physics experiments. You will graph two variables and you will use the slope to verify a physics principle. I will only give full credit for your results if you show a graph with the equation of best fit on the graph showing the slope and you use that slope for your final answer! Let’s pick this equation apart. V = I*R can be rearranged to I = V/R Or I = 1/R * V Y= m *X Do you see the y value in the equation above?

I – current – This means that you will have a different value for current for each time you change the voltage. Be sure to create a data table showing your values for voltage and current for each trial. BE CAREFUL HERE. You are NOT being instructed to use Ohm’s law to calculate the current. You are measuring current using the simulation and verifying Ohm’s law. If you were to calculate current than you would be using Ohm’s law to verify Ohm’s law would not count as a scientfific experiment. Do you see the x value? V – voltage (battery) – This means that you will have several trials where you will change the voltage and there will be a resulting change in current. Remember again to measure the current as seen in the simulator and not to calculate current. Be sure to create a data table showing your values for voltage and current for each trial. The slope should then be equal to? I = 1/R * V Y= m *X Slope = (1/R) - Be careful here. Slope is NOT equal to R, Slope is equal to 1/R. So your task is to graph Current vs Voltage In physics when you say current vs voltage then current is the y axis (dependent variable) and voltage is the x axis (independent variable). You will get Excel (or google sheets) to show the equation of best fit which should be on the graph. Then you will solve for the resistance of the battery that you have kept constant. Slope = 1/R R = 1/slope Show your work with symbols and units in your data section! Then you must calculate a percent error to quantitatively express the accuracy of your experiment and discuss whether you have verified Ohm’s Law. The resistance of the battery is your accepted value and the resistance that you calculate from the slope is the experimental value. You should get very close to 0% error because you are using a simulation instead of a multimeter and a battery. However you are graphing the data because this would be the best way to do a similar lab with real equipment. % error = accepted value – experimental value/ accepted value x 100.

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For the second experiment, you will simply repeat the experiment above but choose a different value for the resistor. I would make the new resistance either ½ or twice the value of the first resistor. Then in your conclusion you can compare the slopes of the two excel graphs and explain using Ohm’s law why the slope of one graph is different than another. Maybe use words like “because the resistance of in the second graph is lower there is greater current with a smaller voltage. I have added some information that is very important regarding graphs below. Graphs. Several of the labs we do in this course require a scatter plot graph to be created and turned in. Excel will be used for this task. Graphs done by hand will not be accepted. Many of the labs will not revieve a passing grade without being able to create a scatterplot using excel. A graph must have the following properties to be given full credit. 1) The graph itself and the axis must be titled, with units given. 2) Major and minor gridlines should be shown. 3) The equation of best fit should be shown with physics symbols and units with any values (not the equation y=mx+b). Here is an example of an acceptable graph: 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 f(x) = 12.55 x + 0.06 Time2 vs meff meff (kg) T2 (sec2)

Here is video that I made showing how to create a scatter plot using excel: http://www.screencast.com/t/fNzbyu7tax Data Tables : Several labs require students to show data that is collected in the lab. The student should create a data table in the word document. Remember a table has grid lines around the information and is not just the data in a column or row. The sections of the data table should be clearly labeled with units and the data table should have a descriptive title. Data tables should also be separated when they display different information. Another words, most labs should not consist of one big data table.

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