Module 5- Real-World Physics Discussion

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Nov 24, 2024

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1 Class, For this week’s module, discussion post, I am choosing to write about the topic of thermal expansion which can be found in chapter 5.2 of Inquiry Into Physics , Eighth Edition by Vern J. Ostdiek, Donald J. Bord. According to our textbook, thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change its volume, area, shape, and density as a response of a change in temperature of that matter (Ostdiek & Bord, 2018). Thermal expansion effects everyday aviation in many ways and needs to be considered when piloting and manufacturing aircrafts. Pilots may experience thermal expansion in the mid-day heat if they have topped off their aircraft with fuel in the early morning or late at night, the fuel may expand to the point of venting the fuel outside the tank. Manufactures of aircrafts need to account for dissimilar materials having different coefficients of expansion. Given the scenario if two materials are joined together that don’t have similar coefficients of expansion, they will cause stress to build up when temperature changes that can lead to cracking or buckling of the materials. Thermal expansion can lead to catastrophic failures in aviation if ignored. However, thermal expansion can be beneficial if calculated to a precision, this allows engineers to create parts like bearings and bushings to have an interference fit into their mating assemblies. I have had the experience involving replacement of bushings that have an outside diameter slightly bigger than the inside diameter of the bore that it is going to be installed into. This interference fit is found in many components of aircraft where you have a component pivoting inside a stationary component that requires the installation of a bushing.
2 In order for this bushing to fit inside the bore, the bushing must first be shrunk via the process of chilling (thermal shrinking) the bushing by submerging in liquid nitrogen (77k) or packing dry ice (195k) around the bushing. Once the bushing is chilled and has become slightly smaller due to its coefficient of thermal expansion, it can then be placed inside the bore with little force. Finally, once the bushing reaches room temperature, it will no longer be able to be easily removed from the component due to the interference fit. Below is a video of the freeze fit process. What other examples do you think thermal expansion is found in aviation?
3 Reference Ostdlek, V. J., & Bord, D. J. (2018). Inquiry into Physics. Boston: Cengage Learning.
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