Lab 07 - Motional emf and Induced Current (1)

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Lab 7: Motional emf and Induced Current Name: FATIMA AFTAN Motional emf and Current Induced in a Conducting Bar Moving at Constant Speed In this lab we are going to explore the motional electromotive force ( emf ). The magnitude of the motional emf induced on a moving conducting bar of length l , that moves with a constant speed v through a magnetic field of magnitude B , is given by the equation emf = Blv . If the conducting bar is connected to a circuit (by way of conducting rails on which the bar slides) of resistance R, then the magnitude of the induced current associated to the motional emf is given by the equation: I = Blv R Equation (1) In this lab we are going to use Equation (1) to calculate a value for the induced current and compare it with the measured current. Please click on the following link to access the browser-based simulation you need to do this the lab: https://www.thephysicsaviary.com/Physics/Programs/Labs/InducedCurrentLab/ Procedure: 1. Press “Begin”. Write down on Table 1 the default values of the following quantities: the magnitude of the magnetic field B in Tesla (T) , the rail separation l in meters , the resistance of the circuit R in ohms (Ω), and the initial position x 0 of the vertical conducting bar, in meters ( make sure you read the ruler correctly ). Please read all the procedure before starting the experiment. You need to be very fast in step 2 of the procedure when writing down the measured current and stopping the moving bar on time, before it hits the left end! 2. Click on the “Click Here to Start Moving Tractor” button. While the vertical conducting bar moves, read the measured induced current as shown in the “ Circuit Info ” box and write it down (in mA) on any piece of paper, then click on the “Elapsed Time” button once (which is the same “Click Here to Start Moving Tractor” button) before the conducting bar stops at the left end (at the two black dots on the left side of the circuit) . 3. Write down this measured induced current from step 2 in amperes (A) as your current one I 1 on Table 1. 4. Write down the elapsed time t in seconds and the final position x of the vertical conducting bar in meters in the corresponding row in Table 1. AGB_DC

Lab 7: Motional emf and Induced Current 5. Calculate the speed of the conducting bar using the equation v = (x – x 0 )/t , and write it down on Table 1. 6. Obtain the calculated current I 2 by using Equation (1), and write it down (in amperes) on Table 1. 7. Calculate the percentage of difference between currents I 1 and I 2 using the equation % diff = ( | I 1 − I 2 | I 1 + I 2 ) x 200 , and write it down on Table 1. 8. Click once on the “Click to Reset” button (same as “Click Here to Start Moving Tractor” button). 9. Change the values of the variables by clicking once on the numbers (or the level number for the velocity) for the following quantities: the magnetic field magnitude (in the “Magnetic Field” button), the rail separation (in the “Rail Separation” button), the velocity level (in the “Velocity” button), and the resistance (in the “Circuit Info” button). Please make sure that you click exactly on the numbers in those buttons, and make sure the quantities do change . 9. Write the new values for the magnitude of the magnetic field B in Tesla units (T) , the rail separation l in meters , the resistance of the circuit in ohms (Ω), and the initial position x 0 of the vertical conducting bar, in meters , in the next data row. 10. Repeat steps 2 to 9 until you complete Table 1. AGB_DC

Lab 7: Motional emf and Induced Current Name: _____________________________________ EXPERIMENTAL DATA SHEET Table 1 . Magnitude of magnetic field B (T) Rail separation l (m) Resistanc e R (Ω) Initial position x 0 (m) Measured current I 1 (A) Elapsed time t (s) Final position x (m) Speed (m/s) Calculated current I 2 (A) % difference between currents I 1 and I 2 612 201 7.2 0 30 36.2 35 612 201 7.2 0 19 25.4 25 612 201 7.2 0 11 14.4 15 612 201 7.2 0 16 20.5 23 612 201 7.2 0 34 58.9 34 AGB_DC

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Lab 7: Motional emf and Induced Current Questions 1. Why the calculated current I 2 cannot be considered as a theoretical current value in this lab? It cannot be considered as a theoretical current value in this lab because it relies on simplified assumptions, idealized conditions, experimental uncertainties, complexity of the system, and potential non-linear effects. These factors can lead to discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental observations. 2. A jet airplane with a 75.0 m wingspan is flying at 280 m/s. What emf is induced between the wing tips if the vertical component of the Earth’s field is 25.0 µT? Include the steps. A = L x v = 75.0 m x 280 m/s = 21000 m 2 B x A = 25.0 x 10 -6 T x 21000 m 2 = 525 m 2 /s = 525 m 2 /s AGB_DC

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