wolrd religions (4)
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Philosophy
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Jan 9, 2024
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Al-ali 1
Dimah Al-Ali
PHL105 009
Dr. Woodruff
April 30, 2023
1)
Skepticism- Doubt of long-held views or concepts
a)
The scientist approached the new theory with skepticism until it could be
thoroughly tested and proven.
2)
Utopia- A perfect society, as described in literature or philosophy.
a)
The story depicted a paradise in which all people lived in harmony and
utopia.
3)
Recusant- A person who refuses to surrender to a religious or governmental
authority.
a)
The recusants were persecuted for refusing to accept the established state
religion.
4)
Donation of Constantine- A counterfeit Roman imperial decree that handed the
Pope sovereignty over the Western Roman Empire.
a)
Historians recently proved that the Donation of Constantine was a fake
intended to strengthen the Pope's position.
5)
The Inquisition- A Catholic Church organization dedicated to the suppression of
heresy and the enforcement of religious orthodoxy.
Al-ali 2
a)
The Inquisition was well-known for its harsh interrogation and
punishment practices.
6)
The Thirty Years’ War- From 1618 until 1648, the battle was mostly waged in
Central Europe, particularly between Protestant and Catholic nations.
a)
The destruction inflicted by the Thirty Years' War left an indelible mark on
the region.
7)
Manichaeism- The prophet Mani developed an ancient dualistic religion that
maintained that the world was a war between good and evil.
a)
Manichaeism flourished in several areas around the world before being
crushed by other major religions.
8)
Deism- A religious and philosophical conviction in the presence of a creator while
rejecting religious dogma and supernatural intervention.
a)
Deism was frequently accepted by intellectuals around the world.
9)
The Westminister Confession- In the 17th century, the Church of England issued a
declaration of religious principles and theology.
a)
The Westminster Confession outlined the major ideas and practices of the
Church of England.
10) Sophist- A rhetoric and philosophy instructor in ancient Greece who stressed the
art of persuasion.
a)
The sophist was good at persuading others, even if his arguments were not
necessarily founded on reality and realism.
Al-ali 3
What do the Durants mean by calling themselves skeptics of matter religions?
a)
When the Durants describe themselves as skeptics of "matter religions," they most
likely mean faiths that place a significant emphasis on material or physical
attributes. They dispute the legitimacy or significance of such beliefs in relation to
more spiritual or intellectual parts of religion.
What historical discoveries imbued the Durants with humble respect for religion?
b)
The Durants' respect for religion may have been influenced by their research on
the emergence of major world religions, the moral and ethical teachings of various
faiths, and the significant historical figures and movements associated with
religious development, etc.
Which wisdom traditions do the Durants privilege in their discussion?
c)
The Durants primarily privilege the wisdom traditions of Roman empire faiths,
the Roman Catholic Church, and paganism. They also focused on the historical
and philosophical development of Zoroastrianism, and other traditions that
weren't covered and spoken about in class like Puritanism.
Do the Durants address any wisdom traditions not discussed in class?
d)
The Durants do address other wisdom traditions, but their work does not
extensively cover indigenous wisdom traditions or other non-Western
philosophical systems, which are also important aspects of human civilization.
What are the three causes cited by the Durants for the inability of the Roman Catholic Church to
establish a "moral superstate" in the Europe of the High Middle Ages?
e)
The Durants identify three main causes: skepticism, nationalism, and human
frailty.
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Al-ali 4
According to the Durants, what did the publishing of Copernicus's "De revolutionibus orbium
coelestium" mark the beginning of?
f)
The Durants argue that the publishing of Copernicus's "De revolutionibus orbium
coelestium" in 1543 marked the beginning of the Scientific Revolution. (
The
greatest books
)
Why did Copernicus's book have the effect the Durants claim for it?
g)
The Durants suggest that Copernicus's book had a profound effect because it
presented a well-reasoned and mathematically supported alternative to the
geocentric model, challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, and coincided
with a broader intellectual and cultural climate that was receptive to new ideas.
The invention of the printing press also helped to disseminate his work, allowing
it to reach a wider audience and spark discussions and debates. (
The greatest
books
)
Al-ali 5
Works Cited
Bower, J. R., (MD, J. R. B., Hempe, M., Ferguson, S., Tabb, B., James, S., McCracken, B.,
Marsden, G., Musyimi, J., McLaughlin, R., Collin Hansen • Richard Lints, Zylstra, S. E., Ray
Ortlund • Sam Allberry, Melissa Kruger • Jasmine Holmes • Jackie Hill Perry, Phelan, G., Jim
Davis • Michael Aitcheson • Tim Keller • Irwyn Ince, Guthrie, N., Kim, J., & Medders, J. A.
(2021, March 25).
9 things you should know about the westminster confession
. The Gospel
Coalition. Retrieved May 1, 2023, from
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/9-things-westminster-confession/
Dictionary.com. (n.d.). Dictionary.com. Retrieved April 30, 2023, from
https://www.dictionary.com/
The greatest books
. The Greatest Books: Written by Nicolaus Copernicus. (n.d.). Retrieved April
28, 2023, from
https://thegreatestbooks.org/authors/5785#:~:text=The%20publication%20of%20Copernicus'%2
0model,contribution%20to%20the%20Scientific%20Revolution
.