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School
University of Massachusetts, Boston *
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Course
120
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
7
Uploaded by GeneralUniverse16621
1
Name ________________________
ENV SCI 120
Exam 1—Critical Thinking--Part 1
Individual Part (50 points)
Due Thursday, October 5, 2023, 11:00 am
You must use TurnItIn under Exams in Blackboard to submit this exam.
1) Make sure your NAME is your Title when you submit so your score will be assigned
to you. Also include your name at the top of your uploaded document.
2) Please delete the exam instructions, questions, and images from your document before
you submit. Only submit your responses to the questions. This will make your
files smaller (more manageable) and lower your similarity scores.
3) Upload a PDF file to Exams/Exam 1 in Blackboard before 11:00 am on October 6th.
4) You should keep a copy of your exam to use for your Group Work--Part 3.
Instructions:
A.) You
may
use any source of information except human resources (
you are to complete
Critical Thinking--Part 1 of the exam without consulting any other person or
artificial intelligence program
). This includes live, text, email, social media, all
communication platforms, Chat GPT, etc. Textbook, web sources, library sources, etc.
are fine.
Please list the sources that you have used at the end of each question, and use
proper citations for any figures or key information that you may have used to formulate
your answers. The rule of thumb is that the grader should be able to find the information
you have cited from your citation.
B.) You may
NOT
use any blogs, homework sites, tutor websites (e.g. www.chegg.com), or
social media where any person has posted an answer to an exam question. You may
NOT
prompt any Artificial Intelligence program to respond to an exam question and
represent any part of this response as your own work. Use of these sites is strictly
prohibited, is a breach of the contract between student and instructor, and will result
in disciplinary sanctions.
C.) Please type your responses.
Please remove the exam questions from your submission to
Turnitin. This will reduce your similarity score.
Feel free to write in figures,
drawings, and equations if necessary by hand. Photos of your figures or handwritten
calculations are fine. These should be incorporated into your submitted PDF
document.
D.) As a rule of thumb, you are not expected to spend more than 1.5 hours per question. This
means that you might spend ~1 hour researching the question and 30 minutes writing
your answers.
E.) Please provide detailed support for any of your statements or answers.
In other words, a
simple “yes” or “no”, “agree” or “disagree”, or “I think it is clean”, is not a complete
answer and will not receive credit.
A complete answer takes the form of “Yes, because
… and therefore...” or “I think it is healthy because ….”.
F.) There are not necessarily any right or wrong answers to these questions.
You will be graded
on your ability to think and write critically in addressing these environmental issues.
More detailed, supportive responses will be more valued than generalizations.
G.) Please use your NAME (as it appears in WISER or accepted Preferred Name) as your
submitted document (title) and write your name on the submitted document.
2
Once you have completed the Exam 1-Critical Thinking-Part 1,
Please type your name BELOW to confirm the following statement
:
“I have not consulted any other person in completing this INDIVIDUAL Part I of the exam.”
___________________________
For information purposes only (this will not affect your grade), how much time (hours) did
you spend on this exam?
______________
3
Exam 1—Critical Thinking--Part 1-- 5 questions, 10 points each
1) Deer Island Wastewater Treatment Plant
MWRA's Deer Island Wastewater Treatment Plant is the centerpiece of MWRA's $3.8
billion program to protect Boston Harbor against pollution from Metropolitan Boston's
sewer systems.
a) Describe how primary treatment removes solids. Where do these solids go? (3 points)
b) Describe how secondary treatment removes dissolved organic matter. Where does most
of this organic matter go? (3 points)
c) How has cleaner water in Boston Harbor changed the usage of the Harbor? Please give
2 examples.
(4 points)
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4
2) Water Cycle
a) Pope’s Pond is a local pond in Milton, MA.
The Pope’s Pond Watershed is 2 km
2
in
area.
A watershed is the area of land over which water drains to a common
waterbody.
Annual rainfall in New England including the Pope’s Pond Watershed
is 130 cm/year (1.30 meters/year). How much water due to rain flows into the
Pope’s Pond each year? Your answer should be in liters. Please assume all the
rainwater falling in the Pope’s Pond Watershed ends up in Pope’s Pond. Show your
work. Hint: It might help to draw a picture of this annual rain on the land.
Hint 2:
Make sure your units are converted to be consistent.
(5 points)
b) If Pope’s Pond is 2 x 10
9
liters in volume, what is the residence time with respect to rain
of Pope’s Pond? Please first set up the equation for residence time in words, then
attempt to put in the correct numbers to calculate your answer.
(5 points)
5
3) Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
The Keeling Curve is a daily record of global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration
maintained by Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego.
The concentration
of atmospheric carbon dioxide can be seen to be increasing since 1958 through today
(September 22, 2023).
a) Please explain the seasonal variations in CO
2
concentration. What season are they
high? Low?
Why? (3 points)
b) Measurements of CO
2
concentration are reported in parts per million (ppm volume; 1
molecule of CO
2
per 1 million molecules of air) over time.
Will the CO
2
concentration continue to rise exponentially for the next 50 years? Why or why
not? (4 points)
c) The ocean absorbs much of the increasing CO
2
in the atmosphere. What impact does
this have on ocean chemistry and ocean biota? (3 points)
6
4)
Primary Productivity
A pitcher plant (
Sarracenia purpurea
) is a carnivorous plant native to New England.
a) Describe three adaptations that pitcher plants have developed to survive in bog
environments. (6 points)
b) What limits its primary productivity? (2 points)
c) How might climate change affect its ability to survive? (2 points)
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7
5) Ecosystem in a Jar
Suppose you wanted to make your own ecosystem in a mason jar.
a) Step 1. Place some water in it and seal it.
What are the forms of water in the jar? How
might the amount of water in each phase change from day to night? (2 points)
b) Step 2.
Add some soil and a few plants so that there is no standing water. Describe two
transformations of carbon that will occur in the ecosystem, one carried out by the
plants and one carried out by the microbes in the soil. (4 points)
c) Step 3. Add some ants. Will the ants use up all the oxygen in the jar? Why or why not?
(2 points)
d) Why might this system crash (not support the ants to continue to survive)? Describe how
this might happen. (2 points)