Philosophy of Technology Test #2
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CUNY New York City College of Technology *
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Course
2106
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by DeaconClover10799
Philosophy of Technology Test #2
Professor Wagnon
Directions:
Double space, 12 point font, times new roman, watch out for spelling and grammar, to answer
simply begin with addressing the topic at hand, no need for grand historical survey; number your
answers. Make sure you are answering the question as fully as possible, using as many
core-key words, terms, and ideas. Develop full arguments for or against x topic as so requested.
To submit, email your exams to my CITY TECH EMAIL by 11/8 (Wednesday at Midnight). In
your exam, don’t forget to put your name and class. Send your exam as a PDF or WORD
document Only.
Questions:
Short Answer
1. What is the most important kind of technology for Marx?
The most important technology for marxs was the economic technology is the means of
production
2. What is Benjamin’s argument on the aura?
Benjamin’s argument on the aura is that art has a sublime effect or quality to it. Benjamin
believes that we are losing the aura of art. People's ability to see and experience the aura in art
has disappeared.
3. What are some of the important concepts of systems theory – simply list them.
Open system, closed system, distance/closeness, feedback loops, and phase transition.
4. What is Marx’s argument about technology and class?
Marx’s argument about technology and class is your relation to means of production determines
your class and your class determines your relation to technology
5. How are Benjamin and Heidegger similar (hint – think gestell).
Benjamin and Heidegger are similar because they are both pessimists, both think we are losing
ourselves slowly in some way. They both believe we are losing our humanity.
In-Depth Answer
6. What is the question of the relationship between technology and magic, or magical thinking?
Explain in as much detail as possible vis-à-vis technologies in the past, and technologies in the
future. Give me some examples of this.
The relationship between technology and magic, or magical thinking, involves exploring how
certain technological advancements might evoke similar awe, fascination, or perceptions akin to
magical phenomena or beliefs. Before technological advancement, the question of whether it
was magical or not possible. Some examples go as far back as the invention of the wheel and
the creation of fire. Technology that we once believed was impossible today is AI before we
used to think that the beginning of AI would be the end of its use and it wouldn't be possible but
we are advancing more and more every day.
7. Explain how Systems Theory and Klein's idea of sociotechnical systems of use and
manufacture relate. Explain how New York City might be analyzed from a Systems Theoretic
Perspective. Use as many of the terms as possible in your analysis.
Systems Theory and Klein's concept of sociotechnical systems of use and manufacture share
similarities in their approach to understanding complex systems involving both social and
technical elements. Both Systems Theory and Klein's concept recognize the importance of
taking a holistic view when analyzing complex systems. They consider not only the technical
aspects (manufacture or design) but also the social aspects (use by people) and their
interactions within the larger system. New York City might be analyzed from a Systems
theoretical perspective because of our MTA and buses. The MTA runs on a series of express
and local trains they determine which stops become express by the amount of traffic on the
node. The node would tell you if a train would be running local or express. Not only does the
MTA have a system that they built for themselves but some trains run in correlation with busses
so that when you get off the train or bus you could be in front of the train station and not have to
wait
8. Explain Benjamin’s argument about “art” and “aesthetic experiences” as they relates to
mechanical reproduction and modernity. Go into the details. Give me examples of his
perspective and what Benjamin thinks is the difference between art in ancient societies versus
today.
Benjamin argues that art is dying. because of how easy it is to mechanical produce. We see art
not much now that we have become. For example, a painting by a renowned artist like
Leonardo da Vinci, which was once unique and housed in a museum, could now be reproduced
in books, posters, or even on merchandise, leading to its widespread dissemination but diluting
its original aura and context.
Benjamin's argument ultimately suggests that mechanical reproduction alters our relationship
with art, shifting the focus from the unique aura of the original artwork to its mass reproducibility
and the altered experiences it offers in the modern age.
9. What is Marx’s theory of technology, explain what the means of production and
superstructure are, how these relate, and what these have to do with History. Then describe
what this has to do with Marx’s conception of class struggle, and the future of humanity, and
why capitalism is killing itself.
10. Discuss the question of determinism and autonomy as it plays out in questions of
technology. Discuss the three positions, and give me arguments in favor of each position. Then
take up the position you most care about or believe, and give me the argument why you think
this position is correct and the other is wrong.
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