Assignment 2
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Drexel University *
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Course
ISSC421
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
docx
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3
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Date: 16DEC2023
ITMG481
Week 2 Assignment (3% of Grade)
APUS/Yocam
Lesson 2 Review: Conduct & Moral Responsibility
The purpose of this activity is to reinforce what you have learned so far about conduct and moral responsibility. 1. How do religion, law, and philosophy each provide different grounds for justifying a moral principle? How can each perspective be applied to the analysis of the moral principle “Stealing is wrong? (Minimum word count: 60)
Religion, law, and philosophy provide different grounds for justifying a moral principle. Religion grounds morality in divine command or sacred texts that label stealing as morally wrong based on religious doctrines. The legal perspective emphasizes societal agreement, with theft being prohibited by laws to maintain order and justice. Philosophy is through ethical theories like deontology or utilitarianism that provide rational grounds, examining the consequences or principles involved. The analysis of the moral principle “Stealing is wrong” would require the exploration of these diverse perspectives to comprehend the multifaceted nation of ethical reasoning. 2. What are the basic differences separating ethicists from moralists? (Minimum word count: 60)
Ethicists and moralists differ in their approaches when it comes to moral questions. Ethicists engage in the systematic study of ethics by exploring theoretical frameworks and principles that underpin moral decisions. They often analyze and critique different ethical theories. On the other hand, moralists are more concerned with practical morality, emphasizing personal beliefs and values. While ethicists seek a broader understanding of morality, moralists focus more on specific moral judgments and individual conduct, often guided by personal convictions rather than abstract theories.
3. Identify and briefly summarize four different kinds of “discussion stoppers” in ethical discourse. (Minimum word count: 60)
Discussion stoppers in ethical discourse hinder a meaningful dialogue. One type is moral relativism, where individuals assert that all viewpoints are equally valid, impeding any critical analysis. Dogmatism involves rigid adherence to a particular ethical stance without openness to other perspectives, which stifles debates. The ad hominem fallacy attacks the person rather than addressing their argument, derailing constructive discussions. Lastly, cultural stereotyping dismisses opposing views
based on perceived notions about a group’s ethical beliefs, preventing nuanced understanding and dialogue in ethical disclosure.
4. What is moral relativism? How is it different from cultural relativism? (Minimum word count: 60)
Moral relativism supposes that moral judgments are subjective and may vary among individuals or cultures. It asserts that no universal moral standard exists, and ethical principles are contingent upon personal or cultural perspectives. In contrast, cultural relativism focuses on cultural norms and values, suggesting that these standards define what is morally right or wrong within a particular society. While moral relativism encompasses individual perspectives, cultural relativism centers on collective cultural norms in shaping ethical judgments.
5. What is moral objectivism, and how is it different from moral absolutism? (Minimum word count: 60)
Moral objectivism asserts that moral truths exist independently of individual opinions or cultural
beliefs, suggesting an external standard for evaluating ethical principles. It holds specific actions objectively right or wrong. In contrast, moral absolutism is a subset of objectivism, positing that some moral principles are universally applicable without exceptions. While objectivism acknowledges external standards, absolutism takes a more rigid stance in asserting absolute, universally binding moral rules. 6. What is professional ethics? (Minimum word count: 60)
Professional ethics refers to the principles and standards that guide the behavior of individuals in a particular profession. It encompasses professionals' moral obligations and responsibilities toward their clients, colleagues, and the public. These ethical guidelines serve as a framework for maintaining integrity, honesty, and accountability in the workplace. Professional ethics help ensure that individuals within a profession act in a manner that upholds the trust and confidence placed in them by the community while promoting the well-being of those they serve. Professional ethics are essential for fostering a favorable and trustworthy work environment.
7. What is a profession, and who is a professional? (Minimum word count: 60)
A professional occupation involves specialized knowledge, skills, and expertise in a particular field. Professions are typically characterized by a commitment to ethical standards, continuous learning, and a sense of responsibility toward the well-being of others. A professional is an individual who has acquired the necessary education, training, and qualifications in a specific field and is recognized for their expertise. Professionals are expected to uphold high ethical standards and provide services with competence, integrity, and a commitment to serving the best interests of their clients or the public.
8. Who is a computer/IT professional? (Minimum word count: 60)
A computer/IT professional has specialized knowledge and skills in information technology. They
are experts in designing, developing, and maintaining computer systems, software applications, and networks. Computer/IT professionals may work in various roles, such as software developers, network administrators, system analysts, or cybersecurity experts. They play a crucial role in ensuring digital systems' efficient and secure functioning, applying their expertise to solve technical challenges, and contributing to technological advancements. Given the rapid evolution of the IT landscape, continuous learning is integral to the profession.
9. Do computer/IT professionals have special moral responsibilities that ordinary computer users do not have? (Minimum word count: 60)
Computer/IT professionals often bear special moral responsibilities distinct from ordinary computer users due to their expertise and influence. Professionals are entrusted with safeguarding sensitive information, ensuring cybersecurity, and developing ethical technology. They are responsible for prioritizing user privacy, mitigating risks, and considering their work's societal impact. While all users are responsible for ethical digital behavior, IT professionals must apply their knowledge ethically, contribute to a secure online environment, and advocate for responsible technological practices.
10. What are professional codes of ethics, and what functions do they serve? (Minimum word count: 60)
Professional codes of ethics are sets of guidelines and principles established by a specific profession to govern the behavior of its members. These codes articulate the ethical responsibilities and standards expected from professionals in their interactions with clients, colleagues, and the public. They serve several functions, including providing a framework for maintaining integrity, ensuring accountability, promoting transparency, and guiding decision-making. Professional codes of ethics also build trust within the profession and the broader community, fostering a sense of responsibility and upholding the profession's reputation.
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