PHIL 3010_Assignment 1 (1)
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Southern Alberta Institute of Technology *
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3010
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Philosophy
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Apr 3, 2024
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PHIL 3010
Ethics
Assignment 1: Arguments
Names:
Introduction
Description
This assignment takes students through the process of analyzing arguments, with a focus on moral arguments. Purpose
By completing this assignment, students will develop and demonstrate their ability to:
Analyze validity in variable arguments to focus on the argument form rather than
content.
Assess validity in a series of arguments with content.
Construct moral arguments from scratch, including moral premises associated with each theory.
Understand the difference between applying action-based theories and non-
action-based theories. Grade value
Assignment 1 is worth 10% of the final grade.
Key dates
Assignment 1 is assigned in week 6. It is due in week 8.
PHIL 3010
Ethics
Instructions
This assignment may be completed alone or with a group.
Groups should be the same as the groups that will complete Assignments 2 and the final paper.
Complete each section in the assignment in order.
Review your answers.
If you have come to class or emailed your absent notice consistently throughout the semester so far, you are welcome to request that I look over your assignment
prior to submission.
o
Do not email me your assignment and request review.
o
Contact me in person by speaking with me in the open office hours after class.
PHIL 3010
Ethics
Section 1: Validity
Complete the variable arguments so that they are valid. (6 pts)
1.
P1: If Z is M, then Z is R. P2: Z is M.
C: Z is R
2.
P1: If Z is not M, Z is W. P2: C: Z is W.
3.
P1: If C is L or M, then C is X.
P2: C is L.
C: 4.
P1: If C is L or M, then C is X.
P2: C is not M
P3: C: C is X
5.
P1: If Z is C and G, Z is R.
P2:
P3: Z is G.
C: Z is R.
6.
P1: If Z is C and G, Z is R
P2: Z is not C.
C: For each argument, indicate whether it is valid or invalid. State the reasoning for each validity assessment. (15 pts)
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PHIL 3010
Ethics
1.
P1: If Mittens is a kitten, then Mittens is a baby and a cat.
P2: Mittens is a cat.
P3: Mittens is a kitten.
C: Mittens is a baby.
Valid. P3 states that Mittens is a kitten. P1 states that if Mittens is a kitten Mittens
is a baby. If both premises are true, then Mittens must be a baby. The premises if
true, guarantee the conclusion. 2.
P1: If Mittens is a kitten and a tiger, then Mittens is dangerous.
P2: Mittens is a kitten.
P3: Mittens is not dangerous.
C: Mittens is not a tiger.
3.
P1: Mr. Stripes is a dangerous cat.
P2: Tigers are dangerous.
P3: Tigers are cats.
C: Mr. Stripes is a tiger.
Invalid. P1: X is Y and Z. P2: Q is Y.
P3: Q is Z. C: X is Q. 4.
P1: Either Mr. Stripes or Mittens is a tiger.
P2: Tigers are dangerous.
P3: Mittens is not dangerous.
C: Mr. Stripes is dangerous. 5.
P1: Tigers and kittens are cats.
PHIL 3010
Ethics
P2: Tigers are dangerous.
P3: Kittens are dangerous.
C: Cats are dangerous.
PHIL 3010
Ethics
Section 2: Moral arguments (32 pt)
1.
Complete the following sentence to describe utilitarianism’s criteria for morally right actions. (1 pt)
According to utilitarianism, if an action maximizes utility, then the action is morally right.
2.
Complete the following sentence to describe utilitarianism’s criteria for morally wrong actions. (1 pt)
According to utilitarianism, if an action {insert criteria here}, then the action is morally
wrong.
3.
Construct a moral argument showing that according to utilitarianism, eating a proper diet is morally right. Use the sentence you constructed in question 1 of this section as premise 1. (3 pt)
P1: According to utilitarianism, if an action maximizes utility, then the action is morally right.
P2: Eating a proper diet maximizes utility. C: According to utilitarianism, eating a proper diet is morally right. 4.
Construct a moral argument showing that according to utilitarianism, murder is morally wrong. Use the sentence you constructed in question 2 of this section as premise 1. (3 pt)
P1: According to utilitarianism, if an action {insert criteria here}, then the action is morally wrong.
P2:
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PHIL 3010
Ethics
C:
Kantianism (8 pt)
1.
Complete the following sentence to describe Kant’s criteria for morally right actions. (1 pt)
According to Kant, if an action {insert criteria 1} and {insert criteria 2}, then the action
is morally right. 2.
Complete the following sentence to describe Kant’s criteria for morally wrong actions. (1 pt)
According to Kant, if an action {insert criteria here}, then the action is morally wrong.
3.
Construct a moral argument showing that according to Kant, reporting a crime to the police because you believe it is the right thing to do is morally right. Use the sentence you constructed in question 1 of this section as premise 1. (3 pt)
P1: P2: P3:
C:
4.
Construct a moral argument showing that according to Kant, gossiping about people behind their backs is morally wrong. Use the sentence you constructed in question 2 of this section as premise 1. (3 pt)
P1: P2:
C:
Virtue ethics (8 pt)
PHIL 3010
Ethics
1.
Complete the following sentence to describe virtue ethics’ criteria for virtue. Your criteria should reference the concept of eudaimonia. (1 pt) According to virtue ethics, if a character trait moves you toward eudaimonia, then
the trait is a virtue.
2.
Complete the following sentence to describe virtue ethics’ criteria for vice. Your criteria should reference the concept of eudaimonia. (1 pt)
According to virtue ethics, if a character trait {insert criteria here}, then the trait is a vice.
3.
Construct a moral argument showing that according to virtue ethics, being tolerant of people who are different from you is a virtue. Use the sentence you constructed in question 1 of this section as premise 1. (3 pt)
P1: According to virtue ethics, if a character trait moves you toward eudaimonia, then the trait is a virtue.
P2: Being tolerant of people who are different from you moves you toward eudaimonia. C: Being tolerant of people who are different from you is a virtue
4.
Construct a moral argument showing that according to virtue ethics, being highly suspicious of others’ motives is a vice. Use the sentence you constructed in question 2 of this section as premise 1. (3 pt)
P1: P2:
C:
Care ethics (8 pt)
PHIL 3010
Ethics
Ethics of care works differently from other theories. It does not present criteria for right or wrong, good or bad. Instead, it recommends practices of care, which translate into actions. Because this theory is not based on criteria, it does not fit into the same argument format as the other theories. Instead, examine the following case and consult your notes on the practices of care. Decide which care practice or practices are important for the circumstance, and construct your argument based on this analysis.
Scenario: 10-year-old Daniel has been getting into trouble at school lately. Daniel’s teachers say he is defiant, deceitful, and aggressive toward other children. Daniel’s grades are low, his schoolwork is often incomplete, and he is sullen and unresponsive to most interactions. This behaviour is new over the past three months. Before that, Daniel’s grades were higher. Hs teachers considered him to be polite and mild-
tempered. Daniel’s school counselor Mohammad uses ethics of care to develop a plan to deal with Daniel. 1.
Select one of the care practices that you consider to be important to Mohammad’s plan. Input this practice into the following sentence (1 pt)
{Insert practice here} is a caring practice.
2.
Identify an action that would contribute to the practice you chose in question 1 of this section. (1 pt).
3.
Construct an argument that demonstrates that the action you identified in question 2 would constitute a form of moral care. (3 pt)
P1: {Insert practice here} is a caring practice.
P2:
{insert action here} is {insert practice here}.
C:
{insert action here} is a caring practice. 4.
Identify a plausible action that Mohammad might take that would fail to qualify as care. Explain why this action is not a form of care. (3 pt)
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