Ethics Assignment 5 Module 5
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Bethune Cookman University *
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Philosophy
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Dec 6, 2023
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Assignment 5 Module 5
1.
Draw a distinction between Psychological Egoism and Ethical Egoism. Explain the
differences between the two by furnishing examples.
The notion that all men are self-centered and solely act in their own best interests is known as
psychological egoism. The concept of ethical egoism holds that individuals should only act in
their own best interests and that we should never feel compelled to act in ways that may
negatively impact others.
The moral pursuit of one's own self-interest to stop a romantic connection, even if it may not be
in the best interest of a significant other or shared child or children, is an example of ethical
egoism. Customers physically battling with one another over products or services that are
deemed scarce or discounted is an example of psychological egoism. Additionally, these
customers return to a survival or power-seeking instinct.
4.
Draw a distinction between Intrinsic and instrumental value with examples.
When something aids in the accomplishment of a certain goal, it is said to have instrumental
value; intrinsic values, on the other hand, are seen to be valuable in and of themselves. An
instrument or equipment, like a washing machine or hammer, has instrumental value because it
makes things easier, like pounding nails or cleaning clothing. Among the inherent qualities are
things like courage, temperance, goodness, beauty, and truth. Being aspirational, truthful, kind,
loving, and rational are examples of instrumental values.
6.
Explain utilitarianism as set forth by Bentham and Mill, explaining in the context
Act utilitarian, Rule utilitarian and the concept of Aggregate.
Bentham is regarded as an "Act Utilitarian" since he held that each action's moral worth should
be assessed individually and in accordance with the degree of happiness or pleasure it brings. He
held that the happiness or pleasure of all those impacted by an activity should be taken into
consideration and that the morality of a deed is judged by its immediate effects. Because of his
belief that an action's moral value should be assessed according to rules or principles rather than
its immediate effects, Mill is known as a "Rule Utilitarian". According to Mill, some behaviors
are always immoral, regardless of the situation they occur. Long-term happiness, according to
Mill, would result from adhering to these guidelines. In conclusion, Mill's rule utilitarianism
emphasizes the rules or principles that guide an activity, whereas Bentham's act utilitarianism
concentrates on the immediate effects of an action.
7.
Give an explanation of Hair Shirt ethic. Give your assessment on this principal
The concept of Ethics of Hair Shirt holds that we should respect other people's
happiness equally to our own. Those with this form of ethic may feel more compelled to
assist the less fortunate since you must keep helping others at your own expense until you
too are impoverished and miserable. Because the act of generosity is forced rather than
flowing from the heart, it is not a practical ethical system.
8.
Explain the difference between Consequentialism and non-consequentialism with
examples.
Non-consequentialist ethics frequently consider variables other than outcomes,
whereas consequentialist theories just consider the amount of good or evil an action
creates. For instance, the consequentialist perspective often maintains that individuals
should only consider their own well-being in proportion to that of others. Most
individuals concur that lying is bad. However, consequentialism maintains that it is
appropriate to tell a falsehood if doing so would enable someone to survive. Deontology,
the most well-known kind of non-consequentialism, maintains that there is an
unwavering need to follow specific laws. Such rules as "never lie" or "never kill an
innocent person" are examples.
9.
Give four reasons with explanation as to why an abused spouse cohabits with abuser
partner.
When an abusive scenario occurs, it is common for the abuser to apologize, do something
kind, and make a vow never to repeat the behavior. Their partner minimizes the initial
abusive conduct as a result. It may sometimes be dangerous to leave an abusive
relationship in addition to being emotionally taxing. In actuality, the period following a
breakup is the riskiest in an abusive relationship. In the weeks after their separation from
an abusive spouse, women are 70 times more likely to die than at any other point in the
partnership.
After a disagreement, an abuser will turn the tables and try to blame their
victim or make them feel guilty. We call this kind of activity "gaslighting."
Another reason is that their lives are lived in sync. People who remain in violent
relationships frequently do so for a variety of reasons, including marriage, having kids,
and sharing wealth. When one person in a relationship has financial ties with someone,
reliance is increased. However, comparable elements, such as living arrangements and
mutual friend groups, can have an impact on young people's decisions to remain in
partnerships.
Many victims of abuse choose to remain in their violent relationships
because they love their spouse and believe that things will get better. One can be afraid,
financially dependent, in love, or in hopes that one day they can change the abuse.
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