Understanding Ethical Theories: Key Concepts and Applications

N MILESTONE 23/25 2_3/ 2 5 <A that's 92% RETAKE @ 23 questions were answered correctly. 2 questions were answered incorrectly. T @ Which of the following actions represents the step, "ldentify positions on the question"? A graduate student spends several hours in the library reading different people's o 0 | | opinions on a particular ethical issue. An undergraduate argues that funding for school-sponsored O clubs should be based on the number of active members. A medical student asks a O professor whether a certain drug is effective against the flu.

oD MILESTONE 23/25 CONCEPT — The Philosophical Approach to Inquiry 2 @ Which of the following statements displays the speaker's unfair bias? "We're accepting Kim to our college because her O extracurricular involvements are impressive.” "We're accepting Kim to our college because her parents are ®© 0 " big donors. "We're accepting Kim to our O college because her goals align with our school's values." "We're accepting Kim to our O college because she has a 4.0 GPA' CONCEPT — The Effect of Bias in Moral Decision Making

oD MILESTONE 23/25 It is not possible to generalize O one universal standard for morality. The same ethical standards apply Q O to all cultures. Stealing can be right or wrong O depending on the individual. Ethical truths can change as O circumstances change. CONCEPT — Categorizing Ethical Theories 4 @ Most people in Dave's culture volunteer an hour every other week at a local food shelf. In addition to this, Dave also helps coordinate volunteers and fills in for people who can't make their hour. What would a conventionalist call Dave's actions? Obligator O g Y

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

oD MILESTONE 23/25 O INCT ULl Al Supererogator ° o P g Y CONCEPT — Commitments of Conventionalism 5 @ "Genetic screening is morally wrong because it can promote murder, and murder is forbidden in the Bible." To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing? Divine command theory ®© O O Conventionalism Kantian deontolo O gy Virtue-based ethics O CONCEPT — Case Study: Genetic Screening 6 @

oD MILESTONE 23/25 OPPOUIICTILS DECLdUSCT 1T Cdll dITOTIU dgyircssive dUuverlusitiyg. A group of citizens decides to take matters into its own hands by blackmailing Theo so he will drop out of the election. Most people would agree that this action is immoral. How might it be evaluated by a utilitarian? Blackmailing Theo is morally wrong because it’s still possible that he won’t win the election, or that checks and balances will keep him from having too negative an impact. Blackmailing Theo is morally right because the communities he serves will ultimately be happier with a leader who is not corrupt. Blackmailing Theo is morally wrong because blackmail is always wrong, even if you don’t agree with someone’s values. Blackmailing Theo is morally right because most citizens do not want him as their leader, even if they have fallen for his advertising.

oD MILESTONE 23/25 In Kantian deontology, the categorical imperative must be derived from O personal circumstances pure reason © O O experience O possible consequences CONCEPT — Kantian Deontology 8 @ Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument? Just because there is an objective truth doesn't mean ®© O everyone automatically knows it. No culture has ever willingly O assimilated to another culture's

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

oD MILESTONE 23/25 truths, it wouldn't be possible for O cultures to have moral values at all. Some cultures subscribe to ethical frameworks like divine © O command theory rather than conventionalism. CONCEPT — Problems with Conventionalism ° @ Which of the following people would likely be satisfied with Kantian deontology? Frannie is looking for an ethical framework that can evaluate O 0 | | actions beyond just their effects. Felicity is looking for an ethical O framework that is based on accepted societal norms. Ferdinand is looking for an ethical framework that uses the Bible as a basis for morality.

N MILESTONE 23/25 CONCEPT — Support for Kantian Deontology 0 @ Which of the following is a key benefit of philosophy? Philosophy teaches us about O other cultures. Philosophy identifies ways we (O can improve relationships. Philosophy helps us understand O how people behave. Philosophy allows us to construct o O logical arguments. CONCEPT — Benefits of Philosophy and Ethics 1 @ Which of the following represents act utilitarianism?

oD MILESTONE 23/25 Penelope works because she o O needs money for rent and food. Phillip rescues a stranger from a O burning car because he would do that for anyone. Pedro bikes to work because he O believes in not wasting gas. CONCEPT — Act and Rule Utilitarianism 2 @ Choose the statement that exemplifies consequentialism. Lying is impermissible because it Q@ O causesothers to mistrust you. Lying is impermissible because it O is intrinsically wrong. Lying is impermissible because O society demands honesty.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

N MILESTONE 23/25 CONCEPT — Sources of Value in Ethical Decisions 3 @ Jerome conducts a survey to see how many of his neighbors believe they have a moral duty to report suspicious activity to the police. He finds that 8 in 10 believe they have such a duty. Which branch of ethics do the results of Jerome's survey represent? Metaethics O Normative ethics O Applied ethics O PP Descriptive ethics ®© O CONCEPT — Branches of Ethics 1“7 @ An argument is strong and the conclusion is true, but both premises are false. Which of the following terms best describes the argument?

% MILESTONE 23/25 O WiToUuUlIu O Sound O Cogent CONCEPT — Evaluating an Argument 5 @ Which of the following represents a challenge to the intellectualist option of divine command theory? The intellectualist option places a false dichotomy between ethics (O and religion, thereby saying God has no ethical authority. “God makes commands because they are good” implies that O O something beyond God'’s free command makes things good. The intellectualist option states that ethics are not outside or O above God, but ethics must be interpreted by God.

oD MILESTONE 23/25 CONCEPT — Refutations of Divine Command Theory 6 @ "People who are generous help those in nheed however they can." To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing? Egoism O g O Conventionalism Kantian deontology O Virtue-based ethics O O CONCEPT — Case Study: Wealth Distribution 17 @ Jimmy is a nurse who cares for the aging Mr. Buckner in New York City. Mr. Buckner is a very wealthy man who has saved a lot of money over the years. One day, Mr. Buckner takes Jimmy

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

N MILESTONE 23/25 JIHTITTTY UHHTTKRS IVIT. DUCKIICT T1dsS JOI1IC CidZy, DUL IVII. DUCKIICT UICS before they can discuss it further. Which action is supported by utilitarianism but intuitively seems unethical? Jimmy does what he promised O and gives Mr. Buckner’s fortune to the New York Knicks. Jimmy breaks his promise to Mr. Buckner and uses the money to O pay for an operation his mother needs. Jimmy breaks his promise to Mr. Buckner and instead donates the o (o money to a basketball league that helps inner city youth. Jimmy decides to keep Mr. O Buckner’s fortune for himself, as payment for all his work. CONCEPT — Advantages and Shortcomings of Utilitarianism 15 @ Which of the following best defines virtue-based ethics?

oD MILESTONE 23/25 An ethical theory that deems that O an action is morally right if the action results in happiness An ethical theory that determines O moral value by weighing the consequences of actions An ethical theory that asserts that self-oriented interests motivate human actions CONCEPT — Virtue-Based Ethics 19 @ Which of the following is a valid deductive argument? For over five decades, fantasy fiction has been very popular. It O will probably continue to be popular in the coming decade. Smith is one of the most common last names in the United States. O My friend Todd is a very common

N MILESTONE 23/25 All cyclists are health-conscious. O Byron is health-conscious. Therefore, Byron is a cyclist. Every time it snows, the roads need to be plowed. It is @ ® supposed to snow later today. Therefore, the roads will need to be plowed later today. CONCEPT — Evaluating the Structure of an Argument 20 @ Which of the following people would most likely be satisfied with conventionalism? Keith is looking for an ethical O framework that focuses on his own character. Kelly is looking for an ethical framework that respects diverse © O N traditions. Karin is looking for an ethical O framework that has a basis outside of humanity.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

oD MILESTONE 23/25 CONCEPT — Support for Conventionalism 21 @ How might a Kantian deontologist evaluate cheating on an assignment? It is morally right because it O doesn't violate your freedom or ability to reason. It is morally wrong because it O violates the humanity of the person you cheated off of. It is morally right because it can prevent you from failing a class, © O losing the tuition, and getting in trouble with your parents. It is morally wrong because lying to the teacher deprives her of © O | information she needs. CONCEPT — Applying Kantian Deontology

N MILESTONE 23/25 Is giving money the best way to Q@ O hep? O Do | have cash on me right now? O What is the beggar's race? Have | given money to beggars O before? CONCEPT — Actions and Events 23 @ Francis believes that every person should have ambition. Which of the following actions is inconsistent with his belief? Francis starts a new company O with two friends. Francis is content to keep his O O dead-end job.

oD MILESTONE 23/25 Francis dresses for the job he (O wants rather than the one he has. CONCEPT — Establishing a Consistent Value System 22 @ Mai has moved to the United States from Myanmar. She does not know how to drive and is frightened by the freeways and traffic congestion. Her husband insists that she learn to drive because they live in a suburb with no public transportation. “No,” says Mai firmly. “I| am 38 years old and | have always been able to reach my destination without driving a car.” According to conventionalism, who has the stronger ethical stance— Mai or her husband? Her husband, because driving is a societal norm in the United © O States. Mai, because driving is not O valued in her society like it is in the United States.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

oD MILESTONE 23/25 Mai, because she does not want O to learn to drive. CONCEPT — Applying Conventionalism 25 @ Which of the following is an advantage of divine command theory? Divine command theory aims to O satisfy personal needs. Divine command theory is often associated with motivations for © 0 being moral. Divine command theory is about O personal development. Divine command theory O prioritizes intent over outcome. CONCEPT — Support for Divine Command Theory

Ethics Final Milestone

Related Documents