Exam 2 Review Session
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Liberty University *
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200
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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docx
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6
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(Asking 5 different questions in 50 different ways)
1.
Be able to identify the correct definition/understanding of the term ‘worldview.’
The way we live
2.
Be able to identify the five significant worldviews which have impacted the western tradition of intellectual thought.
Biblical Christian (God is supreme)
Rationalism (human reason is supreme)
Romanticism/Transcendentalism (feelings are supreme)
Process Philosophy: (Marxism Leninism, Fabian Socialism)
Post Modernism
3.
What are the main components of a worldview as to the primary questions and the four philosophical dilemmas, as well as the basic definitions of each?
Ontology (Origin)
Epistemology (Knowledge)
Axiology (Value/Meaning)
Teleology (Purpose/Destiny)
4. What is the relationship between the primary questions of a worldview, and the four philosophical dilemmas? The four help us understand the first two
4.
All four philosophical dilemmas address a particular area of life-concern in a final way – be able to identify each. For example, what is Ontology concerned with?
6. In considering final answers to these four philosophical dilemmas, there are few options from which to consider. Be able to identify the definitions for each option. In other words, in the area of Ontology, we have naturalism and supernaturalism – how are these two ontological options defined or identified? Be able to proceed similarly with each option in the other categories as well.
Ontology:
Supernaturalism (Christian)
Naturalism (Others)
Epistemology:
(Reason – Rationalism)
(Intuition – Romanticism)
(Revelation – Christian)
Axiology: Theocentric (God is most value)
Materialistic (things are most valuable)
Humanism (People are most valuable) both of those intermixed in non-christian worldviews
Teleology: Kingdom of God
Kingdom of this World
7. Be able to identify the correct definition of the following terms, and for which I also recommend you consult your Martin text glossary:
Presupposition Absolute
Anthropological Antithesis
Deism
Dichotomy
Naturalistic
Pantheism
Theocentrism
Worldview
Absolutize
8. What is meant by the phrase “Ideas have consequences?” With this, how does this phrase capture the relationship between the internal and the external realms of reality? How we think affects how we live, (the internal causes the external)
9. What is meant by the phrase “institutional structure and procedure of life?” How does it come into existence or how is it actualized? Be able to identify the seven areas or frameworks of life.
International relations
Civil social
Ecclesiastical
Marketplace
Educational
Aesthetic 7?
10. In its essence, the Biblical Christian Worldview incorporates what sort of understanding of liberty? What form of civil government? What type of economic system?
“ORDERED LIBERTY or LIBERTY UNDER LAW”
“LIMITED CIVIL GOV.”
“FREE MARKET” (any answers with those above are correct)
11. Be able to identify the proper definition of ‘jurisdiction.’ (LAWFUL USE OF LAWFUL AUTHORITY)
12. The Preamble to the U.S. Constitution represents its interpretive key. Be able to identify the six great objects of the Preamble. Unity; Justice; Tranquility, Defense, Welfare, Liberty
13. I will be duplicating our discussion of specific statements claiming constitutionality, and from which you will be required to identify the correct options and why, as well as their implications. In this
regard, you will want to rehearse your understanding of Article 1, Section 1, clause 1, and, Article 1, section 8, clauses 1-18, of the U.S. Constitution. With this, what is the relationship between Article 1, Section 8, clause 1, and the subsequent clauses, 2-18? You’ll need to know the Constitution correct saying
14. Review Ravi Zacharias’ “What is a Worldview?” linked for you in your first power point presentation, and be able to answer questions relative to testing the viability of a worldview. In this regard, what does Ravi recommend we consider?
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1. Be able to identify what a worldview is, and what it is not, and what it is characterized by.
Must be a substantive world view, answer the questions
2. What are the four characteristics of worldviews?
3. Be able to identify the levels of application of a worldview:
Abstraction (philosophical), Application (Try out), Eclectic (perpetuate/maintain), Conglomerate (receiving)
4. When considering the application of worldviews, what is meant by each level, such as Abstraction , Application, Eclectic, Conglomerate? See above
a. At what level of worldview application would philosophical thinkers like a Charles Darwin or Karl Marx exist? They were both Abstractors
b. At what level of worldview application do most college and university professors operate and why? Eclectic
5.
Consider our discussion relative to shifts in worldviews, and be able to answer the following questions a. Why are there transitions between intellectual traditions? In other words, why do these shifts occur? Because there are points of tensions
6.
This is another way of asking “why do worldviews slowly fade in their attraction and staying power, and eventually replaced by other worldviews? ”b. Be able to associate Francis Schaeffer’s ‘humpbacked bride metaphor’ with shifts in worldviews. c. Ravi Zacharias has nicely conveyed five key reasons which dovetail with our discussion on
the nature of worldviews and their key characteristics. Be able to identify these. When these characteristics are neglected, shifts in worldview will occur. Find answer in article
The Biblical Christian Worldview flowed out of what European era?
Reformation
2. What is the difference between ‘rationality’ and ‘rationalism’? rationality is using reason but rationalism is absolutizing reason
With this, what is the relationship between reason/rationality, and revelation?
3. What famous work did Aurelius Augustine (354-430 A.D.) write which dominated European Christendom for close to 800 years? The City of God
4. How is the Biblical Christian Worldview basically defined? City of God, Supernaturalism, Theocentrism, Revelation
With this, what is its distilled down version relative to the basic philosophical dilemmas? Theocentrism vs man being most important
5. What is the life-orientation of the Biblical Christian worldview in contrast to a rationalistic
life-orientation? 6. Consider the institutional structure and procedure of Biblical Christianity and be able to identify what it is. Is it a holy commonwealth approach
, a democratic approach, or a social approach to man and life? Holy Commonwealth is the sphere sovereignty idea
, (democracy is what majority wants, not spherical), absolutization of social life
Hazlitt Text: Economics in One Lesson
1. H: 4, ‘Public Works Mean Taxes’2. H: 5 ‘Taxes Discourage Production’3. H: 6, ‘Credit Diverts Production’
Questions associated with Hazlitt Chapters will not be indicated on the Review Sheets. The following
represents a series of substantive quotes which you will find on the exam, which you should read in
advance to familiarize yourselves. Questions accompanying these quotes are not presented here, but consist of critical questions which require analysis and interpretation. Some of you who are native English speakers are still struggling to develop advanced reading skills, while others are still learning English as a second language. Access to these quotes will facilitate your reading speed come exam-time, and allow you to tackle questions associated with them. As we progress through each exam, you will find more quotations.
1. Nahum Sarna, a noted scholar of Jewish history, taken from his book Understanding Genesis (1970). The idea that there is an intimate, in fact, inextricable connection between the socio-moral condition of a people and its ultimate fate is one of the main pillars upon which stands the entire biblical interpretation of history.2. Dr. Francis Schaeffer found in his How Should We then Live? (1976).A culture or an individual with a weak base can stand only when the pressure on it is not too great. As an illustration, let us think of a Roman bridge. The Romans built little humpbacked bridges over many of the streams of Europe. People and wagons went over these structures safely for centuries, for two millennia. But if people today drove heavily loaded trucks over these bridges, they would break. It is this way with the lives and value systems of individuals and cultures when they have nothing Copyright Dr. Gai Ferdon, 2020Page 4
stronger to build on than their own limitedness, their own finiteness. They can stand when pressures are not too great, but when pressures mount, if then they do not have a sufficient base, they crash – just as a Roman bridge would cave in under the weight of a modern six-wheeled truck. Culture and freedoms of people are fragile. Without a sufficient base, when such pressures come only time is needed — and often not a great deal of time ─ before there is a collapse. . . . . People have presuppositions, and they will live more consistently on the basis of these presuppositions than even they themselves may realize. By presuppositions we mean the basic way an individual looks at life, his basic worldview, the grid through which he sees the world. Presuppositions rest upon that which a person considers to be the truth of what exists. People’s presuppositions lay a grid for all they bring forth into the external world. Their presuppositions also provide the basis for their values and therefore the basis for their decisions.3. Gene Edward Veith Jr. taken from his Postmodern Times: A Christian Guide to Contemporary Thought and Culture (1994).Moreover, excluding transcendent values places societies beyond the constraint of moral limits. Society is not subject to the moral law; it makes the moral law. If there are no absolutes, the society can presumably construct any values that it pleases and is itself subject to none. All such issues are only matters of power. Without moral absolutes, power becomes arbitrary. Since there is no basis for moral persuasion or rational argument, the side with the most power will win. Government becomes nothing more than the sheer exercise of unlimited power, restrained neither by law nor by reason. ...To be sure, most postmodernists today do not explicitly advocate totalitarianism. On the contrary, they intend their positions to be liberating, freeing
oppressed groups from the “one truth” proclaimed by oppressive cultural forces. And yet it is difficult to see how their premises could in any way support a free society. Clearly, democracy rests on the opposite of postmodernist tenets—on the freedom and dignity of the individual, on humane values, on the validity of reason, on God rather than the state as the source of all values, on a transcendent moral law that constrains both the tyranny of the state and the tyranny of individual passion.4. Herbert Schlosberg in his Idols for Destruction (1985)Idolatry in its larger meaning is properly understood as any substitution of what is created for the creator. People may worship nature, money, mankind, power, history or social and political systems instead of the God who created them
all. The New Testament writers, in particular, recognized that the relationship need not be explicitly one of cultic worship; a man can place anyone or anything at the top of his pyramid of values, and that is ultimately what he serves. The ultimacy of that service profoundly affects the way he lives. When the society around him also turns away from God to idols, it is an idolatrous society and therefore is heading for destruction. Western society, in turning away from Christian faith, has turned to other things. This process is commonly called secularization, but that conveys only the negative aspect. The word connotes the turning away from the worship of God while ignoring the
fact that something is being turned to in its place.
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