PHI445 Week 3 Discussion.
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University Of Arizona *
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Course
445
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Nov 24, 2024
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docx
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7
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Current Business Problems: Case Studies: Lehman Brothers, British Petroleum, Monsanto, Merck, ...
This discussion assignment requires you to submit at least four posts: an initial post, two reply posts to fellow students in threads other than your own, and a revised post in response to the professor’s feedback.
Prepare:
In your first post in this discussion, you will identify and apply one ethical theory of your choosing to a current problem in business, also of your choosing. Start by reviewing your notes on the Week 1 course material and your completed work for Week 1. Then, choose one of the three ethical theories—i.e., utilitarianism, deontology, or virtue ethics—on the basis of your thoughtfully considered preference in general and independent of the business problem that you will select here. Keep in mind that you will employ this ethical theory for supporting your position not only for this discussion, but also for this week’s assignment and the Final Project.
To prepare for your selection of the current problem in business, look at the list of required articles and multimedia which are divided in the six case-categories as follows:
Banking (Lehman Brothers)
Environment (BP)
GMOs (Monsanto)
Pharmaceuticals (Merck)
Gender Discrimination (Goodyear)
Factory Farms (Perdue)
Choose the case-category that you find the most interesting and note that
each category also corresponds to one particular case. Please choose carefully because your choice for this discussion will establish the case that will be central to your argumentative essay this week as well as your Final Project in Week 5. It is recommended that you leaf through all the required resources indicated for the possible case-categories that you identify as possible contenders before making your final choice.
Reflect:
Once you have selected your ethical theory and your case category, articulate the characteristics of the economic system (or combination of both systems) that serves as the setting for the case
presented in the case category sources. Given this context, examine how the nation’s laws affect the operations of the business.
Next, identify the characteristics of your chosen ethical theory and its notion of the moral good. For the latter, you will need to review again the PowerPoint that was introduced in Week 1, which is also listed in this week’s Required Resources and it is titled The Moral Good in Three Traditional Ethical Theories. Then, think how you would apply the ethical theory to the specific problem presented in the case category sources.
Write:
Start your post by (a) identifying the issue or problem that you want to address in the case that you have selected and providing an impartial presentation of the controversy, (b) articulating briefly the characteristics of the economic system that serves as the setting, and (c) examining the laws that affect the operations of the business.
The following illustration should help. Consider, for example, the case of Uber that we examined in Week 2. If the California decision establishes a precedent for similar claims, then Uber would have to do business as an employer and not merely as a service that pairs consumers with ride sharing services by means of a unique phone app. Accordingly, the law would require Uber to reimburse its drivers for certain costs and perhaps offer benefits. Take in consideration, then, the legal setting for the case that you have chosen. Does the case take place in the United States or another country? What are the laws that are relevant to the problem under examination? Keep in mind that all laws are constraints on our actions, whether those by individuals or corporations. The relevant laws, then, will be (a) any laws that present not only a constraint on the company’s operations, (b) any laws that are being violated by the corporation, or (c) any laws that unfairly limit the goods and services that can be offered to and are demanded by consumers.
In a second paragraph, formulate a sentence that presents the moral position that you want to defend in regard to the issue or problem introduced in the previous paragraph.
In the same paragraph, present the ethical theory that you choose to employ. Your choices are utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics, and
the necessary material is included in the required readings and media. Make sure to identify the characteristics of the ethical theory, and include in-text citations and full references in APA form at the end of the post. Once you have done this, apply the ethical theory to your selected case by explaining how it lends itself to the moral position that you are defending.
Revise
: Read the feedback provided by your professor to your initial post,
either directly to you or to your fellow students. Use this as an opportunity
to learn from your professor, especially with regard to the best ways to apply the course material and your research to your analysis. On the basis
of what you have learned in this process, post a revision of your initial post that applies the additional knowledge that you have gained.
Remember that your grade depends on the quality of your initial and revised responses, not just on the submission of an attempt at improvement. It is thus to your advantage to post the best initial post you can and then to also improve that best effort as much as you can through revision. Taking this process seriously will help you develop the skills you need to do well on the final project.
Requirements for Your Initial Post:
Your initial post should be at least
400 words
in length and have citations and references in APA notation. It should address the prompt in its entirety. This means that you should not split your response to the prompt in multiple posts. Your examination should
be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft
and revise.
Please be advised that until you post, you will not see what your fellow students are posting. Once you submit your post, you will be
able to view the posts from your other classmates. You can then proceed to reply to at least two different threads based on the required material for this discussion.
Your list of references for your initial post should include the videos and the other required reading material pertaining to your chosen subject heading, as well as the ethics, economic, and law components of Weeks 1 and 2, the Instructor Guidance, and any other announcements presented to you by your professor. In addition, your references should include any other sources that you consult to inform yourself about your chosen case category (but not Wikipedia or similar sources).
Your initial post for this discussion should be submitted
no later than the end of Thursday (11:59 pm, U.S. Mountain time)
.
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The discussion solution is below the image.
Virtue ethics is a broad term for theories that emphasize the role of character and virtue in moral philosophy rather than either doing one's duty or acting to bring about good consequences. The idea regarding virtue ethics in business is directed to the employees and management on
engaging in good character traits that will help them when making better informed ethically upright decisions. It will emphasize the development of a moral individual that will encourage ethical actions. The category that I have selected is gender discrimination which is well-related to the business and involves mostly employees that are of different genders face
discernment. The social issue known as gender inequality occurs when
people are not treated equally based just on their gender. Both sexism and gender discrimination may be the root cause of this imbalance. Disparities in genetics, psychology, or societal standards that are common
may give birth to the therapy. While some of these characteristics seem to be social constructions, others have factual support.
Women are disproportionately impacted by the global inequalities caused by present policies. When someone is treated unfairly or negatively because of his or her gender, it is not always a sexual offense. This covers
discrimination and harassment motivated by a person's gender identity, gender expression, or sex. Preconceived, inaccurate ideas about what gender is, how gender "should" look, or how gender is performed are frequently the basis of gender discrimination in both society and the individual. For instance, a common misconception is that a person's gender and, by extension, their attitudes and behaviours, are always determined by their biological sex. But, acting negatively against someone else because of their gender or how you think they should be gendered is never acceptable. Similarly, discrimination is frequently linked
to behavioral economics. Individuals may discriminate against others. They just prefer an alternate perspective on things, events, or other people because they view them through their glasses.
Even in the absence of salary disparities, discrimination may still occur in hiring processes if women decide not to enter the workforce because they
anticipate being treated unjustly. In a similar vein, significant salary disparities may be seen when discrimination in recruiting processes is absent. It is implied that comparing the salaries of men and women does not indicate discrimination in the workplace and is not even required. Inequality and discrimination are both significant but not identical. Male or
female, every individual has the right to be treated with dignity. It is also stated clearly in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that everyone has the right to equality. All people are created equal, regardless of gender. It is immoral and equates to a moral obligation to treat women as inferior to males. The attainment of universal human rights and sustainable development are inextricably related to gender equality. Gender equality aims to create a society where men and women have equal rights, duties, and opportunities in all areas of life.
For there to be equality between men and women, there must be equal opportunities for both sexes to achieve financial independence through their careers or start their businesses; equal access to education, and the chance to pursue their own goals, passions, and abilities; shared parental responsibilities for the family and children; and total freedom from coercion, intimidation, and gender-based violence in both work and home environments. Egalitarianism is the position that is fundamental to justice,
and equality is the Key to Justice. Since the late 20th century, it has gained relevance in moral philosophy and is a dominant movement in social and political philosophy. The egalitarian advocated for equal results.
This inevitably implies that you have to treat individuals unfairly. That is the only method to guarantee the same result for everyone. The left
interprets equality as equality of result when they employ the word "equal." However, treating individuals equally is the other form of equality.
Christian egalitarianism holds that gender subordination is eliminated when men and women reach a state of androgyny via transcending worldly conventions, as the Bible commands. As a result, Christianity is meant to embody gender equality. From a social and economic standpoint, egalitarianism encourages social mobility and economic advancement among different social classes. Ensuring equality of income and opportunity among the many segments of society is the foundation of
the egalitarian worldview. Egalitarianism is a political ideology that addresses distributive fairness as well as how individuals are treated. Civil
rights movements call for equal treatment for all persons and oppose specific forms of social and political discrimination. Another egalitarian philosophy that deals with life outcomes and the distribution of valuables like money, products, and other resources is called distributive justice.
References
Bohnet, I. (2016). What Works: Gender Equality by Design. United Kingdom: Harvard University Press.
Chung, H. (2018). Gender Equality and the Gender Achievement Gap: A Crossnational Study Using PISA 2015. United States: Pennsylvania State University.
Francis, R. (2020). Equality in Theory and Practice: A Moral Argument for Ethical Improvements. Germany: Springer Nature Singapore.
Schemmel, C. (2021). Justice and Egalitarian Relations. United States: Oxford University Press.
Segall, S. (2016). Why Inequality Matters: Luck Egalitarianism, Its Meaning
and Value. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
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