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I 1. Inform the health care provider or person asking the nurse to perform the task that he or she is unprepared to carry out the task; refuse to perform the task. 12. Apply restraints properly; check restraints frequently to see that they are not causing injury and record such monitoring; remove restraints as soon as possible; use restraints only as a last resort 13. A patient must give written consent before health care providers can use or disclose personal health information; health care providers must give patients notice about providers’ responsibilities regarding patient confidentiality; patients must have access to their medical records; providers who restrict access must explain why and must offer patients a description of the complaint process; patients have the right to request that changes be made in their medical records to correct inaccuracies; health care providers must follow specific tracking procedures for any disclosures made that ensure accountability for maintenance of patient confidentiality; patients have the right to request that health care providers restrict the use and disclosure of their personal health information, though the provider may decline to do so. Leadership and Management Description: Nurses act in both leadership and manage- ment roles. A. A leader is an individual who influences people to accomplish goals. B. A manager is an individual who works to accomplish the goals of the organization. C. A nurse manager acts to achieve the goals of safe, effec- tive client care within the overall goals of a health care facility. Skills of the Nurse Manager Refer to Box 2-1. Communication Skills Assertive communication: A. Includes clearly defined goals and expectations B. Includes verbal and nonverbal messages that are congruent C. Is critical to the directing aspect of management HESI Hint » Assertive communication starts with “l need” rather than with “You must.” HESI Hint * Motivation comes from within an individual. A nurse leader can provide an environment that will promote motivation through positive feedback, respect, and seeking input. Look for responses that demonstrate these behaviors. BOX 2-1 Skills and Characteristics of the Nurse Manager Characteristics of Skills of the Nurse Manager the Nurse Manager Communication Act as a liaison between clients Authority and others. Engage in conflict resolution as needed with staff. Organization Plan overall strategies to address ~ Accountability client problems. Review management outcomes. Delegation Identify roles/responsibilities of Responsibility health care team members. Supervision Supervise care provided by others Leadership (e.g., LPN/VN[vocational nurse], assistive personnel, other RNs). Critical thinking Serve as resource person to Commitment to other staff. quality HESI Hint » NCLEX-RN questions often include examples of nursing interventions that do or do not demonstrate these skills and characteristics. Organizational Skills Organizational skills encompass management of: A. People B. Time C. Supplies Behavior Associated Classic Leadership Styles With Leadership Styles Democratic (participative) Assertive Authoritarian (autocratic) Aggressive Laissez-faire (permissive) Passive HESI Hint - Effective leadership involves assertive management skills. Look for responses that demonstrate that the nurse is using assertive communication skills.