Preventative Measures for Sexually Transmitted Infections

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1 Preventative Measures for Sexually Transmitted Infections Name Instructor Course Date

2 Clinical Question Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have become a significant health issue of concern in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines STIs as diseases that are passed from one individual to the other through sexual contact. STIs are passed from one person to the other through anal, vaginal, or oral sex. Statistics indicate that more than 1 million STIs are reported annually across the world. I 2018, about 1 in 5 people, or 20% of the US population, had STIs ( Garcia & Wray, 2021). These infections cost the US healthcare system about $16 billion each year ( Garcia & Wray, 2021). About half of these cases occur among young people. STI may occur without symptoms. However, asymptomatic patients may transmit these infections to their sexual partners. Common signs include burning urination, sores in genital areas, unusual vaginal discharge, pain during sex, and discharge from the penis. When left untreated for a long time, STIs can cause a wide range of complications, including infertility, heart failure, pregnancy complications, pelvic pain, heart disease, and eye inflammation ( Kreisel et al., 2021). These complications can affect the ability of the patients to complete their daily tasks effectively. The medical costs associated with the treatment of these complications are also high. The PICOT question for this paper is: Among young people (P), what is the effectiveness of abstinence (I) compared to mutual monogamy (C) in preventing sexually transmitted infections (O) during youthful years (T)? The purpose of this paper is to assess the efficacy of abstinence compared to mutual monogamy as an intervention to prevent the development of STIs.

3 Levels of Evidence The type of question being asked in this research is therapy. This type of research question focuses on the effectiveness of a preventative measure or a treatment. The primary focus of this study is the effectiveness of abstinence as a preventative intervention for STIs. As a result, it qualifies to be a clinical therapy question. The best type of evidence to answer a clinical therapy question is randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This study design involved assigning study subjects to a control group or an experiment group. The outcome variable being studied is the expected difference between the experimental and the control groups. Search Strategy The search terms and results for the present study include abstinence, sexually transmitted infections, preventative measures, young people, intervention, mutual monogamy, and STI testing. These search terms were used to search for scholarly articles from different sources. Various databases were used to obtain articles to be used in the study. One of these databases is the CU library. This database contains numerous scholarly articles that address a wide range of health issues affecting different populations. Additionally, the databases have relevant resources for addressing specific healthcare conditions. Another database used for this research is PubMed. This database is specific to medicine and provides reliable resources for answering specific clinical questions. The database contains a wide range of scholarly papers that focus on preventative measures for STIs. Google Scholar was also used to search for articles to be used in the study. This database focuses on different educational areas. As a result, the database provides numerous articles on

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4 the field of medicine and nursing. Specifically, Google scholar provides many articles that address the issue of STIs and how they can be prevented. Finally, a search was conducted in Cinahl to obtain articles for the present study. This database indexes the top available nursing literature, inclosing nursing publications and journals regarding STIs and how they can be prevented. The database was essential in identifying relevant articles for the present study. Various refinements were made during the search process to identify the most relevant research articles to be used in the study. One of these refinements was limiting the search to articles published in the last five years. This refinement was essential to ensure the research is based on current literature regarding preventative measures for STIs. The search also focused on primary studies. Literature reviews and metanalysis were excluded from the study. This refinement was needed to ensure the evidence obtained was reliable and based on primary evidence. Finally, non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded from this study. This measure was taken to ensure the reliability of the information presented in the chosen resources. The two relevant articles for this study were identified based on their link to the PICOT question. The researcher obtained their abstracts and read them to determine their ability to answer the research questions. Additionally, the research focused on the population that the interventions used in the study were focusing on. The researcher focused on articles that provide evidence on strategies that can be used to prevent STIs among young people. The two articles that provided evidence that could answer the clinical question were selected. Generally, these articles focused on the effectiveness of various preventative approaches in preventing STIs. These articles will provide essential information for completing the present study.

5 References Garcia, M. R., & Wray, A. A. (2021). Sexually transmitted infections. StatPearls [Internet] . Kreisel, K. M., Spicknall, I. H., Gargano, J. W., Lewis, F. M., Lewis, R. M., Markowitz, L. E., ... & Weinstock, H. S. (2021). Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2018. Sexually transmitted diseases , 48 (4), 208-214.

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