Week 3 discussion 1 responses what factors influence self injury

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Hi Tiffany, Thank you for your post. Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a behavior that results in physical injury to a person’s body, and the injuries can be minor scratches and bruises or severe ones leading to the breaking of bones, blindness, and other permanent conditions. Self-injurious behavior is categorized as either suicidal or non-suicidal, depending on the intensity of damage caused. Although individuals with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems are at increased risk of SIB, people are prone to SIB as a way of punishing themselves, relieving tension, controlling feelings, and expressing emotional distress (Chen et al., 2021). Any form of SIB offers temporary relief; however, if the person continues to engage in such behavior, it becomes a harmful way of coping with emotional pain, anger, stress, and sadness, as it can cause other conditions or even death. According to Smith et al. (2020), the causes of SIB among young people may be biological, social, and psychological issues due to maladaptive coping. Biological causes are associated with a person’s abnormal brain functioning due to biochemical deficiencies and impaired neurological systems. On the other hand, social causes are related to a person’s social environment and interactions with others, especially family and friends. Lastly, psychological causes are determined by a person’s mental conditions. Generally, some mental diseases, such as depression and anxiety, increase the risk of SIB. When dealing with an individual with SIB, the provider should establish the cause of the behavior to offer appropriate care. References Chen, X., Zhou, Y., Li, L., Hou, Y., Liu, D., Yang, X., & Zhang, X. (2021). Influential factors of non-suicidal self-injury in an Eastern cultural context: a qualitative study from the

perspective of school mental health professionals. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 12 , 681985. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.681985 Smith, D. M., Wang, S. B., Carter, M. L., Fox, K. R., & Hooley, J. M. (2020). Longitudinal predictors of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in sexual and gender minority adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 129 (1), 114. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000483 Hi Maryanna, I appreciate your post. Self-injurious behavior (SIB) involves intentionally damaging or injuring one’s body to express certain emotions and cope with difficult situations. Youths are at increased risk of SIBs, particularly those who lack proper social support and interact with violent peers. According to Lim et al. (2019), around 18% of youths in the United States engage in at least one SIB, with girls more prone to self-harming than boys. The most common forms of SIBs include cutting, stubbing, or scratching the skin with sharp objects, burning the skin with heated sharp objects, hitting or banging themselves on the head or other parts, pulling out hair, and swallowing dangerous objects. SIB can be suicidal or non-suicidal, depending on the intensity and intention. Son et al. (2021) hold that the causes of SIB are not always known, as youths deal with complex challenges as they try to establish their identity. They might engage in SIB to control or fulfill emotions or purpose, such as avoiding performing roles or manipulating others.

Although the entire young population is at risk of SIB, youths dealing with behavioral health disorders characterized by traumatic experiences such as abuse, loss of a parent, and poor social relationships often engage in self-harming behavior (Son et al., 2021). As such, PMHNPs should identify the cause of SIB and provide appropriate evidence-based interventions depending on the individual problem. References Lim, K. S., Wong, C. H., McIntyre, R. S., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Tran, B. X., ... & Ho, R. C. (2019). Global lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal behavior, deliberate self- harm and non-suicidal self-injury in children and adolescents between 1989 and 2018: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 16 (22), 4581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224581 Son, Y., Kim, S., & Lee, J. S. (2021). Self-injurious behavior in community youth. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 18 (4), 1955. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph18041955

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