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The Health Promotion Model (HPM) by Nola Pender offers a potential nursing theory to
enhance clinical practice or health promotion regarding the clinical scenario involving hearing
loss in a 2-year-old child. This theory centers around determining the factors that influence
individuals’ decisions to pursue beneficial health behaviors and outcomes while highlighting the
crucial role played by nurses as catalysts for promoting well-being and preventing diseases
(Nursing Metaparadigm, n.d, pg. 4). The HPM aids in understanding the issue of hearing loss in
children by identifying the factors that hinder or facilitate their adoption of hearing aids or
cochlear implants as interventions. This theory also assesses the perceived advantages, self-
confidence, interpersonal and situational influences, and past behaviors that may impact their
health-seeking actions (DeNisco, 2024). Additionally, this theory facilitates the creation and
execution of a healthcare plan to cater to the child’s developmental needs, like communication
skills and cognitive abilities, while addressing coping mechanisms, emotional backing, and
educational requirements for mothers. The HPM is a valuable framework that can be effectively
employed to guide clinical practice improvements or health promotion initiatives, especially in
cases related to hearing loss. When addressing the challenges of hearing loss in children and their
mothers, the HPM offers a structured approach that considers various biopsychosocial factors
influencing health behaviors and motivations.
The HPM can guide a clinical practice improvement or health promotion initiative around
hearing loss in several ways. Firstly, nurses can employ the HPM to assess the child and the
mother comprehensively. This evaluation delves into the biopsychosocial elements that exert an
influential presence in shaping their health behaviors and motives. Nurses discern each person’s
distinctive circumstances using assorted appraisal measures, including questionnaires,
interviews, observations, and standardized scales (Slide 6). Tailoring interventions effectively is
built upon this comprehensive understanding. Moreover, the HPM aids nurses in formulating a
synergistic and personalized health promotion blueprint. This blueprint relies on empirical
evidence and considers the preferences, aspirations, aptitudes, and obstacles the progeny and
matriarch face. It highlights the establishment of precise, quantifiable, attainable, under current
circumstances objectives and interventions that encompass human requirements as well as
emotional stability, social connections, and environmental determinants associated with auditory
impairment.
Implementing and evaluating the health promotion plan constitute pivotal stages wherein
nurses employ evidence-based strategies and methodologies guided by the HPM. Nurses
dispense education, counsel, coach, exemplify, and reinforce while offering feedback and direct
referrals to suitable resources and services. Throughout this phase, nurses monitor and
meticulously document the progress and outcomes of the plan, utilizing quantitative and
qualitative methods to ensure effectiveness (Theory Guided Practice, pg. 1). As the health
promotion initiative advances, the HPM allows flexibility in modifying and revising the plan as
necessary. The evolving requirements and reactions of both the child and mother are considered
to ensure that interventions maintain relevance and effectiveness. Additionally, collaboration is
fostered by engaging other interdisciplinary team members within HPM. Audiologists, ENT
specialists, speech therapists, and psychologists can enrich the design, execution, and assessment
of the health promotion plan through their respective expertise.
