FNP NR507 - Week 6 CS - Diabetes

.docx

School

Chamberlain University College of Nursing *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

507

Subject

Nursing

Date

Apr 29, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

3

Uploaded by DrNarwhal1787

Week 6 Case Study - Diabetes Pathophysiology & Clinical Findings of the Disease 1. Based on the review of the history, physical and lab findings what is the most likely diabetes diagnosis for this patient? Based on the review of the case study information regarding the history, physical and lab findings outline for this patient, the most likely diabetes diagnosis for this patient is Type 2 diabetes based on: Age: 48 yrs. PMH: HTN, HDL, Obesity familial history (brother) OGTT = 220 HbA1C = 7.2 Glucosuria Signs and symptoms: weight loss, fatigue, extreme thirst, fruity breath 2. Explain the pathophysiology associated with the chosen diabetes diagnosis. Since diabetes type 2 develops slowly and gets worse over time, it is known as "adult diabetes" (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020). The pancreas is prompted to create and release more insulin when blood glucose levels are high. By attaching itself to the receptors on organ cells, insulin tries to lower blood glucose levels. The insulin does not enter the cells or function properly through the insulin receptors that typically bind to the insulin. The prolonged period of elevated blood glucose levels stems from this phenomenon, as the glucose is not absorbed and transferred to the cells (ElSayed et al., 2023; Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020). The pancreas receives this information and begins producing and secreting even more insulin. The kidneys will then eliminate the glucose that is in the blood, resulting in glucosuria, which can lead to osmotic diuresis. Frequent urination (polyuria) leads to dehydration. The brain has been primed to indicate the need for more fluid if this persists. Less energy is being produced in the muscle cells as a result of the circulating glucose that typically supplies the organs. The brain receives signals from the organs when they are deficient in nutrition and energy. This makes you feel exhausted and extremely hungry. The pancreas eventually stops reacting to the cue to produce more insulin as this cycle continues, which causes the blood's level of glucose to keep rising (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020). 3. Identify at least three subjective findings from the case which support the chosen diagnosis. The case study presents the following three of the many subjective findings to support the chosen diagnosis: Fatigue Weight loss Polyuria (> 4 X per night) (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020)
Week 6 Case Study - Diabetes 4. Identify at least three objective findings from the case which support the chosen diagnosis. The case study presents the following three of the many objective findings to support the chosen diagnosis: Fruity breath odor Urinalysis: Glucosuria A1C: 7.2 (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020). Management of the Disease *Utilize the required Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) to support your treatment recommendations. 1. Identify two (2) “Evidence A” recommended medication classes for the treatment of this condition and provide an example (drug name) for each. The goal of “Evidence A” recommended pharmacological treatment regimen should include medications with adequate efficacy that will reduce cardiorenal risk and be seamless to maintain. One of the drug classifications is glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), either oral form or injection. Another drug classification is sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 ( SGLT2 inhibitors) (ElSayed et al., 2023; Practice guidelines resources, 2023 ) The GLP-1 agonist drug example is Ozempic (semaglutide) and the SGLTs inhibitors drug example Empagliflozin (Jardiance w/metformin) (ElSayed et al., 2023; Practice guidelines resources, 2023 ). 2. Describe the mechanism of action for each of the medication classes identified above. The mechanism of action for the GLP-1 agonist drug Ozempic (semaglutide) works by binding to the GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas and then stimulating the pancreas to release insulin, reduced glucagon release-responses which lowers blood sugar. These effects can help manage blood sugar and decrease blood sugar spikes by inhibiting gastric motility and secretion ( Practice guidelines resources, 2023 ). SGLT-2 inhibitor drugs are administered in oral form and its mechanism of action depends on the individual’s kidney function. This drug class reduces the amount of glucose being absorbed in the kidneys by preventing the action of SGLT2 cotransporters in the kidney. Further explanation, SGLT-2 reduces renal tubular glucose reabsorption, which produces a reduction in blood glucose without stimulating the pancreas to produce and release insulin (ElSayed et al., 2023; Practice guidelines resources, 2023 ) 3. Identify two (2) “ Evidence A ” recommended non-pharmacological treatment options for this patient.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help