Assignment Week 6 Qualitative and Quantitative Article Reviews

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Jan 9, 2024

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ASSIGNMENT WEEK 6: QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLE REVIEWS Assignment Week 6: Qualitative and Quantitative Article Reviews Gregory Reyes American Military University Department of Emergency and Disaster Management: APA Style Citation SSGS500 Research Design and Methods 12/13/2023 Professor Cynthia M. Nolan, Ph.D.

ASSIGNMENT WEEK 6: QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLE REVIEWS Q UALITATIVE ARTICLE Article “Counterinsurgency agent networks and noncombatant-targeted violence” The Goal of the Study This article examines how and why foreign agents recruited by violence become subjects of violence. Furthermore, the study attempts to identify the reasons behind the occurrence of the (recruited by violence become subjects of violence ) phenomenon and to develop effective counterinsurgency (COIN) standard operating procedures in agent networks. (Stime, 2017, pg. 107). Research Design and Methods This study employs a qualitative research method to develop a theory on noncombatant- targeted violence associated with COIN agent networks. The theory is based on an analysis of three high-profile COIN cases - Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. These cases reveal significant documentation of casualties resulting from intelligence practices. (Stime, 2017, pg. 110). During the study, content analysis and secondary research were crucial in understanding how and why foreign agents who were recruited became victims of violence. The researchers relied on pre-existing content to identify this phenomenon. They also used secondary research data to gain insight into how and why this happens, which is essential for developing new intelligence methods to improve and effectively implement counterinsurgency (COIN) standard operating procedures. Results of the Study

ASSIGNMENT WEEK 6: QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLE REVIEWS The study analyzed counterinsurgency (COIN) standard operating procedures and identified six patterns of violence against noncombatants associated with COIN agent networks. These patterns include intimidation, clandestine activities, unlawful crime, misdirected targeting, preventive violence, and disciplinary violence. All six patterns follow an incentive structure embedded in the intelligence war framework. Although agent networks are crucial for counterinsurgency operations, they lead to indirect violence against the civilian population. The research provides a theoretical basis for better understanding the direct and indirect impact of violence on civilians. (Stime, 2017, pg. 119). Advantages and Disadvantages One of the advantages of this study is that it incorporates historical case documents to distinguish how and why foreign agents who are recruited become victims of violence. Identifying the reasons behind this is critical in developing effective methods to improve counterinsurgency (COIN) standard operating procedures. This research aims to improve intelligence methods and enhance the implementation of COIN strategies. One of the drawbacks of this study is the absence of statistical data that could have provided a more comprehensive understanding of the number of civilians affected by non-combatant targeted violence. Such information would have shed light on why such incidents tend to reoccur in specific geographical locations and how COIN standard operating procedures could be improved to address the issue. Moving Forward Moving forward, a potential research question could be, "What is the role of geographical locations in the percentage of civilians affected by noncombatant targeted violence?" Another

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ASSIGNMENT WEEK 6: QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLE REVIEWS possible research question arising from this could be, "How can statistical data on the percentage of civilians affected by noncombatant targeted violence help to improve COIN standard operating procedures?" By employing the quantitative method, statistical data can be collected to examine the percentage of civilians affected by noncombatant targeted violence and identify any additional factors within the geographical location that contribute to this issue. Q UANTITATIVE ARTICLE Article "Quantitative Analysis of International Health Regulations Annual Reports" The Goal of the Study The goal of the study documented in this quantitative article, written by Sharma et al. (2022) analyze data from various sources to identify inconsistencies in global preparedness for radiation-related emergencies. Recognizing the potential danger of radiation emergencies to human health, the researchers aimed to fill the gap in data comparing preparedness for radiation emergencies to other types of emergencies. Research Design and Methods The quantitative correlational research design was utilized in this study. Additionally, this study utilized data analysis and correlation methods. Data from the Electronic State Party Self- Assessment Annual Reporting Tool by the World Health Organization was used. It comprised voluntary submissions from 171 countries. The researchers assigned values to the data and presented it in charts for better comprehension.

ASSIGNMENT WEEK 6: QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLE REVIEWS Results of the Study The study produced two main findings. First, it found that radiation emergencies are among the top three global challenges in terms of preparedness, indicating that most countries are not well-prepared for such events. Secondly, the study showed that there is a correlation between preparedness for radiation emergencies and other types of emergencies. Specifically, the study found that a country's readiness for chemical emergencies is directly linked to its readiness for radiation emergencies. Advantages and Disadvantages Upon examining the advantages and disadvantages of this research design, it becomes evident that its strength lies in its ability to establish relationships between variables and identify patterns. Additionally, it is cost-effective since it mainly relies on existing data. However, its limitation is that it cannot determine causation. Furthermore, sifting through extensive data for correlations can be a highly time-consuming process. Moving Forward A potential research question moving forward is whether policy can enhance preparedness levels and awareness in radiation emergencies. This study allows for opportunities for future exploration based on the findings in the presented research. First Countries can utilize the data to understand and address the reasons for their inadequate preparedness for radiation emergencies. Additional research can support future inquiries on factors contributing to low preparedness levels in different countries. It can also explore whether policy changes or increased knowledge can improve preparedness. The study focused on assessing preparedness

ASSIGNMENT WEEK 6: QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLE REVIEWS for radiation emergencies, and its findings can be used to enhance global emergency preparedness.

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ASSIGNMENT WEEK 6: QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLE REVIEWS References Sharma, U. C., Attwood, K., & Pokharel, S. (2022). Quantitative analysis of international health regulations annual reports to identify global disparities in the preparedness for radiation emergencies. BMJ Open, 12(9), e052670. Accessed December 13, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052670 Stime, Britta. 2017. "Counterinsurgency agent networks and noncombatant-targeted violence." Intelligence and National Security 107-125. Accessed December 13, 2023. doi:10.1080/02684527.2016.1210770.

Assignment Week 6 Qualitative and Quantitative Article Reviews

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