chapter_5_mc_questions.pdf
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1) Narcotics are defined as __________. a. any illicit psychoactive drug b. any drug that causes some degree of dependence c. drugs that produce a dream-like effect d. both A and B Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 2) In terms of their psychoactive properties, narcotics include which of the following drug(s)? a. Morphine b. Cocaine c. Opioids in general d. Both morphine and opioids in general Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 3) The term “narcotic” comes from the Greek word mea
ning __________. a. stupor b. painlessness c. illegal d. governmental Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 4) The word “analgesic” means __________.
a. pain-reducing
b. pain-inducing c. sleep-inducing d. dream-inducing Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 5) At one time, which one of the following drugs was inappropriately classified as a narcotic? a. codeine b. cocaine c. thebaine d. synthetic opioids Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 6) Natural components of opium are usually categorized as __________. a. synthetic opioids b. opium extracts c. thebaine derivatives d. variations of heroin Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 7) Which of the following is NOT a class of opioids? a. Synthetic opioids b. Opiate derivatives c. Endogenous opiates
d. Morphine derivatives Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 8) Morphine, codeine, and thebaine are all natural components of __________. a. heroin b. CNS depressants c. opium d. coca leaves Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 9) Synthetic opioids __________. a. are chemically related to morphine b. produce behavioural effects that are different from effects produced by opioids c. are opioid-like in their actions d. have no potential for abuse Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 10) All four categories of narcotic drugs share which following common feature? a. An extreme level of dependence b. A chemical similarity to morphine or its derivatives c. They each represent an illicit street drug. d. An ability to produce analgesia Answer: d Diff: 2
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Type: MC Page Reference: 118 11) Which country is NOT prominent in the world harvesting of opium? a. Finland b. Myanmar (formerly Burma) c. Afghanistan d. Mexico Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 12) Which poppy flower yields opium? a. Opium poppy b. Yellow California poppy c. Red oriental poppy d. White oriental poppy Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 13) Opium poppies are NOT __________. a. white b. pink c. yellow d. purple Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 14) Opium is harvested by __________.
a. tapping into the trunk of the opium poppy tree during the springtime b. incising the seed capsule of the poppy, allowing a white juice to ooze out c. grinding up large poppy leaves into a powder d. pressing opium poppy petals into a thick paste Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 118 15) Opium use dates back to __________. a. the third century B.C.E. b. the second century C.E. c. 1200 B.C.E. or earlier d. the late nineteenth century Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 119 16) An early Greek physician named Claudius Galen __________. a. was an outspoken opponent of opium abuse b. was strangely uninformed with respect to the medical benefits of opium c. gave only limited approval of opium’s benefits
d. prescribed opium for practically everything Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 119 17) In the 1500s, a medicinal drink was introduced containing opium, wine, and an assortment of spices. This drink became known as __________. a. heroin b. Paracelsus
c. duananum d. laudanum Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 120 18) Sydenham’s Laudanum was a variation of a drink that had been promoted by ________ about a 100 years earlier. a. Paracelsus b. Galen c. Laudanum d. DeQuincey Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 120 19) From around 1680 to around 1880, the acceptable form of taking opium among Europeans and North Americans was __________. a. inhaling it b. injecting it c. drinking it d. smoking it Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 120 20) Opium smoking was invented by __________. a. Paracelsus b. Galen c. the Chinese d. Greek Cypriots
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Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 120 21) Prior to the eighteenth century, the Chinese used opium almost exclusively as a treatment for __________. a. constipation b. asthma c. diarrhea and pain d. cocaine withdrawal Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 120 22) Opium during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century was brought into China chiefly by __________. a. American soldiers and sailors b. Japanese explorers c. Spanish and Portuguese missionaries d. British traders Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 121 23) The British traded opium to China in exchange for what commodity? a. Tea b. Ginseng c. Rice d. Coca leaves Answer: a
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 120 24) The importation of opium into China was __________. a. strongly opposed by the British government b. strongly opposed by the Chinese government c. strongly opposed by both the British and the Chinese governments d. supported by both the British and the Chinese governments Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 121 25) The Opium War was fought between ______ and ______. a. Chinese soldiers; British soldiers b. Indian soldiers; Chinese soldiers c. American soldiers; British soldiers d. Indian soldiers; American soldiers Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 121 26) In Victorian England, the acceptable form of opium use was __________. a. opium smoking b. opium drinking c. opium chewing d. both opium smoking and opium drinking Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 121
27) An opium den is a term for a place where __________. a. opium could be smoked b. laudanum was purchased and consumed c. a middle-class British family would gather in the evening d. one could get opium for treatment of pain or diarrhea Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 121 28) The Opium War first began in which year? a. 1839 b. 1842 c. 1858 d. 1860 Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 121 29) Analogy: Opium dens were to Victorian parlours as __________. a. opium snorting was to opium smoking b. opium smoking was to opium drinking c. opium drinking was to opium smoking d. opium drinking was to opium snorting Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 121 30) Analogy: Opium drinking was to opium smoking as __________. a. the British were to the Chinese
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b. the Portuguese were to the British c. Chinese immigrants in the United States were to the native Chinese d. inhalation was to oral administration Answer: a Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 121 31) Opium was given to infants to treat all but which of the following ailments? a. Teething b. Colic c. Fever reduction d. Pain Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 121 32) Patent medicines in the nineteenth century, such as Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup, were based upon __________. a. alcohol b. LSD c. opium d. a combination of alcohol and nicotine Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 121 33) The recreational use of opium was popularized by the book Confessions of an English Opium Eater
written by __________. a. Claudius Galen b. Thomas DeQuincey c. Thomas Sears of Sears, Roebuck
d. Friedrich Sertürner Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 121 34) During the late 1800s, patterns of opium consumption in Canada __________. a. were virtually nonexistent b. were restricted to British Columbia c. were similar to those of alcohol among men d. parallelled patterns of consumption in Britain Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 122 35) In Canada during the 1800s, the dominant recreational drugs of the day were __________. a. alcohol and nicotine b. alcohol, nicotine, and opium c. alcohol, opium, and cocaine d. alcohol, nicotine, opium, and cocaine Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 122 36) Which statement concerning opium use in the nineteenth century is NOT true? a. Opium-containing products were advertised as treatments for alcoholism. b. Federal laws were made prohibiting opium smoking, only. c. Opium use in Canada was drastically different than use in Britain. d. Products containing opium were available through Sears catalogues. Answer: c
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 122 37) Strong opposition in North America toward opium smoking most likely was a result of __________. a. anti-Chinese prejudice b. lobbying efforts by the tobacco industry c. a preference for laudanum drinking d. lobbying efforts by the railroad industry Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 122 38) Friedrich Sertürner is credited with being the discoverer of __________. a. heroin b. laudanum c. morphine d. codeine Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 122 39) The primary active ingredient in opium is __________. a. morphine b. poppy c. codeine d. thebaine Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 122
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40) The order of opioids from strongest to least strong would be which of the following? a. Codeine, heroin, morphine b. Heroin, codeine, morphine c. Morphine, codeine, heroin d. Heroin, morphine, codeine Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 122 41) Morphine is roughly ____ times stronger than raw opium. a. two b. four c. ten d. fifty Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 122 42) Order the major opioid products in opium from highest to lowest concentration. a. Codeine, thebaine, morphine b. Thebaine, codeine, morphine c. Morphine, codeine, thebaine d. Morphine, thebaine, codeine Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 122 43) Of the three major opium derivatives, the strongest effects are observed from the administration of __________. a. codeine
b. morphine c. thebaine d. opium Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 122 44) The advantage of morphine over opium in the nineteenth century was that it __________. a. could be purchased more cheaply than opium b. was less irritating to the stomach c. could be self-administered d. could be injected into the bloodstream Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 122 45) What was the “soldier's disease” that was so wide
spread in the nineteenth century? a. A sexually transmitted infection b. Opioid dependence among Civil War veterans c. Symptoms associated with opium withdrawal d. A term used to describe soldiers infected from their injuries in battle Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 122 46) Heroin was first introduced commercially by the same people who had marketed __________. a. Bayer’s Aspirin
b. Tylenol c. Sydenham’s Laudanum
d. Dover’s Foot Powder
Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 123 47) If you were to order the following from strongest to least strong, the order would be __________. a. morphine, heroin, opium b. morphine, opium, heroin c. heroin, morphine, opium d. heroin, opium, morphine Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 122
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123 48) Heroin is _____ times stronger than morphine a. two b. three c. five d. ten Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 123 49) For which purpose(s) was heroin used in the 1890s? a. As a painkiller b. As a cough suppressant c. As a medicine to relieve chest discomfort d. all of the above Answer: d Diff: 2
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Type: MC Page Reference: 123 50) The greater potency of heroin over morphine is due to __________. a. its greater fat solubility b. its ability to dissolve in water c. its ability to be injected d. its greater size Answer: a Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 123 51) Which following statement is TRUE? a. Morphine is absorbed into the brain faster than heroin. b. Heroin is absorbed into the brain faster than morphine. c. Heroin and morphine are absorbed equally quickly into the brain. d. Heroin and morphine cannot be absorbed into the brain because neither can pass through the blood
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brain barrier. Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 123 52) By 1900, opioid dependence in North America was __________. a. virtually nonexistent b. proportionally more extensive than now c. viewed as a social phenomenon without much concern d. on the decline as a result of the Opium Act
Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 123
53) Which was the first Western country to make opiates illegal? a. United States b. Canada c. England d. France Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 123 54) The impact of the Opium Act
was to encourage opioid abusers to __________. a. obtain opioids through pharmacies b. obtain opioids illegally c. obtain opioids through the government d. obtain opioids at reduced discount prices Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 123 55) The Opium Act
of 1908 __________. a. banned opium entirely in Canada b. banned all psychoactive drugs in Canada c. banned opium, except for medicinal purposes, in Canada d. required doctors to pay a small fee for the right to prescribe opioid drugs Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 123 56) In which year was the Opium and Drug Act
enacted? a. 1900 b. 1908
c. 1911 d. 1960 Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 123 57) During the 1960s, the prevalence of illegal drug use in middle-class youth was ____________ . a. lower than during the last 50 years b. higher than during the last 50 years c. the same as during the last 50 years d. virtually nonexistent Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 123 58) A major factor underlying illegal drug use in middle-class youth during the 1960s was the ____________. a. hippie movement b. decreasing drug prices c. increasing potency of drugs d. decreased regulation of drugs Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 123 59) Prior to 1973, the major source of white powder heroin in Canada was ____________ a. Turkey b. Myanmar (formerly Burma) c. Thailand d. Afghanistan
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Answer: a Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 124 60) During the 1970s, the purity of imported heroin in Canada was about ____________ . a. 5% b. 15% c. 18% d. 60% Answer: a Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 124 61) During the 1980s, purity of imported heroin in Canada exceeded ____________. a. 5% b. 15% c. 18% d. 60% Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 124 62) Prior to 1973, the major source of heroin in Canada had not been the “Golden Triangle” region but rather the country of __________. a. Mexico b. Turkey c. Pakistan d. France Answer: b Diff: 2
Type: MC Page Reference: 124 63) The “Golden Triangle” region included Laos, Thailand, and _________.
a. Myanmar (formerly Burma) b. Mexico c. Malaysia d. Malawi Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 124 64) “Black tar” is the name for __________.
a. a type of hallucinogen introduced in 1992 b. a relatively pure and inexpensive form of heroin c. a sticky substance used to induce euphoria d. a form of crack cocaine disguised to avoid detection Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 124 65) Fentanyl is an example of a(n) __________. a. form of Mexican heroin b. opioid antagonist used in heroin abuse treatment c. synthetic opioid d. drug that masks the symptoms of heroin abuse Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 124
66) “China White” is __________.
a. 10 to 1000 times stronger than heroin b. a chemical modification of fentanyl c. a form of “black tar”
d. both A and B Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 124 67) The leading supplier of white powder heroin to Canada in the late 1990s was __________. a. Myanmar (formerly Burma) b. Turkey c. Afghanistan d. Colombia Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 124 68) Prior to 1996, fentanyl derivatives were still legal because __________. a. law enforcement did not realize they existed b. they were excluded from current laws due to their chemical form c. they were needed to treat heroin abuse d. their effects were not very powerful Answer: b Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 124 69) New forms of heroin in the 1990s __________. a. were considerably weaker than types available in the 1970s
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b. could be administered orally c. could be snorted or smoked d. could be injected into arteries as well as veins Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 124 70) While opening the doors to a new population of heroin abusers, heroin smoking avoids the problem of __________. a. overdose b. dependence c. combination with cocaine d. HIV-contaminated needles Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 124 71) Today, the major supplier of heroin to Canada is __________. a. Myanmar (formerly Burma) b. Turkey c. Afghanistan d. Colombia Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 125 72) According to the text, after injecting heroin, immediately the user will feel __________. a. a tingling sensation and feeling of warmth in the lower abdomen b. dizziness and disorientation c. an increase in sexual desire
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d. extreme hunger Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 125 73) “On the nod” is a term used to describe __________.
a. injecting heroin into the bloodstream b. heroin addicts c. the tranquil drowsiness that heroin induces d. the “rush” of intense euphoria from taking heroin
Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 125 74) The acute effects of heroin can be influenced by __________. a. whether or not communities are enforcing local drug laws b. how greatly heroin raises the level of testosterone c. the level of tolerance in the user to heroin d. the degree to which hearing loss is produced Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 125 75) Which of the following will NOT influence the acute effects of heroin? a. The route of administration b. The time since the previous dose c. The user’s level of tolerance to heroin d. The degree to which testosterone is increased Answer: d Diff: 2
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Type: MC Page Reference: 125 76) The decline in sexual desire among male heroin users is attributed to __________. a. a reduction in the levels of testosterone b. an increase in the levels of estrogen c. an increase in the levels of endorphins d. a reduction in the levels of histamine Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 125 77) According to the text, how long is a heroin user “on the nod” after heroin use?
a. 20 to 30 minutes b. 45 to 60 minutes c. 1 to 2 hours d. 3 to 4 hours Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 125 78) The nausea and vomiting in first-time heroin users are attributed to which part of the brain? a. Medulla b. Hypothalamus c. Cerebellum d. Substantia nigra Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 125
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79) The first-time experience with heroin is typically __________. a. quite pleasant, depending on expectations b. characterized by nausea and vomiting c. disappointing, as no effect is observed at all d. characterized by a sudden increase in sexual interest Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 125 80) At high doses of heroin, _______ is a major risk factor that can result in death. a. the slowing down of the gastrointestinal tract b. respiratory depression c. pinpoint pupils d. increased blood pressure Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 125
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126 81) An intense itching of one’s skin and a reddening of the eyes are two acute effects of heroin due to a sudden increase in __________. a. endorphins b. testosterone c. morphine d. histamine Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 125
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82) “Pinpoint pupils” is a term referring to __________.
a. an important diagnostic sign for narcotic abuse b. pupillary constriction c. an acute effect of heroin intake d. all of the above Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 125 83) Heroin causes laboured defecation and long-term constipation because __________. a. it slows down the gastrointestinal tract b. respiratory centres in the medulla are suppressed c. histamine and testosterone levels are affected d. of unknown reasons Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 126 84) Constipation is a symptom of __________. a. heroin withdrawal b. heroin overdose c. heroin abuse in general d. heroin “criss
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crossing”
Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 126 85) Opioid effects in the brain involve __________. a. activity related to acetylcholine b. activity related to GABA
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c. activity related to norepinephrine and dopamine d. activity related to endogenous endorphins Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 126 86) Analogy: Endogenous is to exogenous as a. made in the body is to made outside the body b. made outside the body is to made in the body c. artificial is to natural d. outside is to inside Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 126 87) Analogy: Morphine is to naloxone as __________. a. antagonist is to protagonist b. agonist is to antagonist c. dopamine is to norepinephrine d. endorphins is to opioids Answer: b Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 126 88) Naloxone has the following relationship to opioid drugs: __________. a. agonistic b. antagonistic c. synergistic d. additive
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Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 126 89) Narcotic overdose (o.d.) conditions can be reversed by administering __________. a. antianxiety medication b. morphine c. naloxone d. synthetic opioids Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 126 90) What is the drug naloxone (brand names: Suboxone, Targin) used for? a. Treating narcotic-overdose patients b. Depressing blood pressure c. Enhancing a “heroin high”
d. Reducing pain Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 126 91) In cases of narcotic overdose, which of the following conditions can be fatal? a. Depressed breathing and blood pressure b. Epileptic seizure activity c. Histamine underreactivity d. Dehydration from nausea and vomiting Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 126
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92) Where are the morphine-sensitive receptors located in the body? a. Spinal cord b. Limbic system of the brain c. Blood stream d. both A and B Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 126 93) Morphine-sensitive receptors in the limbic system account for which aspect of the heroin experience? a. Pain reduction b. Constipation and intestinal slowing c. Euphoria d. Respiratory distress Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 126 94) Morphine-like molecules can be classified as __________. a. serotonin agonists b. endorphins c. agonistic or antagonistic subtypes of dopamine d. naloxone-sensitive or naloxone-insensitive subtypes Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 127 95) Endorphins are special molecules that function like __________. a. dopamine
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b. morphine c. amphetamines d. phenylphenols Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 127 96) Endorphin is a shortened term for __________. a. endogenous phenophins b. endogenous opioid polypherases c. endogenous opioid peptides d. endogenous originate proteins Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 127 97) Another name for endogenous opioid peptides is __________. a. heroin b. poppy seeds c. epinephrine d. endorphins Answer: d Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 127 98) Naloxone is able to “undo” the acute effects of opioids like heroin by _________. a. decreasing circulating levels of opioids b. increasing circulating levels of dopamine c. inactivating endorphin receptors by binding to them d. activating reuptake of opioids
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Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 127 99) Which of the following is NOT one of the groups of natural morphine-like molecules? a. Alpha-opioids b. Enkephalins c. Beta-endorphins d. Dynorphins Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 127 100) The morphine-sensitive receptors that are thought to contribute to the processing of pain are located in the_________. a. brain and spinal cord b. limbic system c. medulla d. all of the above Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 127 101) Naltrexone (brand name: ReVia, Relistor) is used as a medication _________. a. to reverse overdose effects of opioids b. to treat heroin abuse c. to treat chronic pain d. to treat any drug addiction Answer: a
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Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 127 102) Mainlining refers to which type of heroin administration? a. Intravenous injection b. Intramuscular injection c. Vaporous inhalation d. Oral or sublingual Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 127 103) Needles are avoided in which route of administration? a. Subcutaneous b. Intravenous c. Snorting d. none of the above Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 127 104) Which effect of heroin is the least likely to show tolerance? a. Pupillary responses b. Constipation and spasms c. Analgesia d. Euphoria Answer: b Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 128
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105) The most pronounced levels of tolerance to heroin can be observed in the degree of __________. a. analgesia b. euphoria c. respiratory depression d. all of the above Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 128 106) Tolerance effects in a particular heroin reaction are __________. a. greatest when dose levels are low b. greatest when dose levels are high c. about the same at all dose levels d. lowest when the abuser is younger than 21 Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 128 107) Heroin craving begins __________. a. almost immediately following a previous dose b. approximately 24 hours following a previous dose c. approximately 1 hour following a previous dose d. about 4 to 6 hours following a previous dose Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 128 108) Most of the symptoms of heroin withdrawal are gone in __________. a. 12 to 24 hours
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b. 24 to 48 hours c. 5 to 10 days d. 30 to 60 days Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 128 109) Mild psychological disturbances and blood pressure and heart rate elevation can be observed up to _________ after stopping heroin use. a. 3 hours b. 10 days c. 30 days d. 6 months Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 128 110) Heroin withdrawal symptoms resemble a moderate-to-intense case of the flu if __________. a. dose levels have been under 10% b. dose levels have been under 50% c. the abuser is quite young d. one is in a heroin-associated environment Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 128 111) Heroin withdrawal is generally life-threatening __________. a. unless carried out under medical supervision b. for older heroin abusers c. for pregnant women
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d. on only rare occasions Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 128 112) If the effect of heroin administration is stupor, then the predictable effect of heroin withdrawal is __________. a. pain and irritability b. insomnia c. diarrhea d. piloerection (“gooseflesh”)
Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 128 113) What compels heroin abusers to continue taking heroin? a. Fear of withdrawal symptoms b. Craving for heroin’s effects
c. Physical and psychological dependence of heroin d. all of the above Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 128 114) The thrill for a chronic heroin abuser to insert a needle with an empty syringe into the skin is an example of __________. a. needle-freaking rebound b. REM rebound c. conditioned learning d. a reverse placebo effect
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Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 128 115) One of the reasons for the potentially acute lethal effects in taking heroin is __________. a. the relatively small LD/ED ratio b. the relatively high LD/ED ratio c. the relatively complex nature of heroin d. the presence of naloxone in typical street heroin Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 129 116) The actual heroin content in a typical street dose can vary __________. a. from 60 to 100% b. according to the experience of the abuser c. according to how long it has been since the previous dose d. from none at all to 90% Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 129 117) A particular heroin dose might have a greater effect on the abuser if __________. a. the heroin has been “cut” with another substance
b. the environment in which the heroin is taken is unfamiliar to the abuser c. the drug dealer is a friend of the abuser d. 12 hours have passed since the previous dose Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC
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Page Reference: 129 118) Which statement is NOT true? a. Many deaths occur because the potency of heroin sold on streets can vary from 0% to 90%. b. Heroin has very negative effects on one’s overall physical health.
c. The environmental setting in which heroin is taken has an effect on the user. d. Heroin-related deaths can happen so fast that victims sometimes are found with needles still in their veins. Answer: b Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 129 119) What is criss-crossing? a. A method used to inject heroin into specific veins b. The slang term that refers to the marks needles leave on the skin c. Inhaling alternating lines of heroin and cocaine d. Smoking heroin that is mixed with cocaine Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 129 120) Impurities in some forms of synthetic heroin have produced cases of __________. a. Alzheimer’s disease
b. Parkinson’s disease
c. Hodgkin’s disease
d. temporary blindness Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 129
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121) MPTP toxicity results from the destruction of neurons in the brain sensitive to __________. a. dopamine b. norepinephrine c. endorphins d. a special subclass of serotonin Answer: a Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 129 122) To support the costs of heroin abuse, a drug dealer might pay a heroin abuser for working in what form of payment? a. Foreign currency b. Groceries c. Heroin d. Vouchers that can go for rent money Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 130 123) Chipping refers to __________. a. the adulteration of heroin with pulverized wood b. the introduction of a young person to heroin abuse c. the practice of controlled or paced heroin abuse d. the technique of gradually reducing the dose of heroin over repeated administrations to avoid symptoms of withdrawal Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 130 124) Taking heroin on an occasional basis is called __________.
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a. heroin compliance b. chipping c. heroin sampling d. tasting Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 130 125) According to the Zinberg study, many chippers __________. a. can successfully avoid heroin dependence b. frequently sell as well as buy and use heroin c. often use heroin on a binge basis d. have more endorphin-sensitive receptors in their brains Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 130 126) “Detox” refe
rs to __________. a. the process of withdrawal from heroin or other dependence-producing drugs b. the residual effects of withdrawal over a long period of time c. the removal of toxins that gradually take over the effects of heroin d. a sleep rebound effect resulting in nightmares Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 130 127) Two drugs used to reduce the distress of heroin withdrawal are __________. a. fentanyl and methadone b. naloxone and naltrexone c. meperidine (Demerol) and methadone d. morphine combined with a sedative
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Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 130 128) Methadone is __________. a. legal b. rather expensive c. non-narcotic in its effects d. fast-acting, and its effects are gone in an hour Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 131 129) The rush of a “heroin high” is avoided with methadone because __________.
a. it is taken orally b. it is taken on a daily basis c. it is absorbed slowly and metabolized slowly d. it cannot bind itself to endorphin-sensitive receptors Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 131 130) In comparison to heroin, methadone __________. a. has longer-lasting effects b. is more expensive c. is often combined with alcohol d. is usually smoked Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC
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Page Reference: 131 131) Methadone maintenance requires __________. a. a daily oral dose of methadone b. a three-times-per-week oral dose of methadone c. a daily injected dose of methadone d. a weekly oral dose of methadone Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 131 132) Heroin addicts who participate in methadone maintenance for at least a year show __________. a. a lower risk for AIDS b. a lower risk for cancer c. a lower risk for heart disease d. a lower risk for strokes Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 131 133) A principal benefit from methadone maintenance has been __________. a. the security measures taken to avoid a diversion of methadone to the street b. reduced risk of AIDS from intravenous drug use c. the excellent record in getting individuals off drug abuse in general d. all of the above Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 131
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134) According to the text, many methadone maintenance clients become dependent on __________. a. alcohol b. cocaine c. LSD d. marijuana Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 131 135) Methadone is taken ______ and LAAM is taken ______. a. daily; weekly b. three times a week; monthly c. daily; three times a week d. weekly, three times a week Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 131
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132 136) The chief advantage of LAAM over methadone is that __________. a. its absorption and distribution totally bypass the brain b. it is a synthetic narcotic, while methadone is not c. it is less dependence-producing than methadone d. it is more long lasting Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 132 137) The abuse potential for buprenorphine is minimized when it is combined with __________. a. LAAM
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b. naloxone c. naltrexone d. methadone Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 132 138) Analogy: Buprenorphine (brand name: Butrans) is to methadone as __________. a. nondependence producing is to dependence producing b. sedative-hypnotic is to opioid c. upper is to downer d. downer is to upper Answer: a Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 132 139) Buprenorphine treatment is useful because __________. a. it can be administered in methadone maintenance center b. it can be administered on a monthly dosage schedule c. the abuse potential is minimized d. it enhances the effect of methadone Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 132 140) What is the goal of multimodality programs? a. Getting the heroin out of the system b. Successful reintegration into society c. Coping with withdrawal symptoms d. Inducing a polydrug abuse lifestyle
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Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 132 141) Therapeutic communities tend to focus upon __________. a. social aspects of heroin abuse b. physiological aspects of heroin abuse c. medical concerns with regard to heroin abuse d. keeping the environment of the heroin abuse as much the same as possible Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 132 142) Heroin is officially classified as a ______ drug. a. Schedule I b. Schedule II c. Schedule III d. Schedule IV Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 132 143) One of the beneficial effects of narcotic drugs is in the treatment of __________. a. persistent constipation b. glaucoma c. persistent coughing d. chronic depression Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC
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Page Reference: 132 144) A disease or disorder for which a narcotic drug is quite helpful as a treatment is __________. a. itching of the skin b. alcohol withdrawal symptoms c. dysentery d. difficulty in defecation Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 133 145) Loperamide (brand name: Imodium), which is available on an over-the-counter basis, effectively controls __________. a. skin itching b. diarrhea c. acute and intense pain d. nasal congestion Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 133 146) Loperamide (brand name: Imodium), which is available on an over-the-counter basis, does not produce any psychoactive effects if/because __________. a. it is used by heroin addicts b. it is taken in moderation c. it is a licit drug d. it cannot cross the blood
–
brain barrier Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 133
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147) The term “antitussive” refers to a drug’s ability __________.
a. to reduce coughing b. to reduce pain c. to reduce contractions during labour and childbirth d. to tighten the muscles around one’s abdomen
Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 133
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134 148) Dextromethorphan is a nonaddictive, nonopioid drug, useful as a(n) __________. a. analgesic medication b. paregoric-like antidote to alcohol intoxication c. antitussive medication d. anticholinergic drug for muscle spasms Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 134 149) The cough reflex centre is located in the __________. a. pons b. substantia nigra c. medulla d. forebrain Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 133
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150) Cough-
suppressant medications with “DM” contain __________.
a. dextromethorphan b. dopamine c. dextromorphine d. diluted morphine Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 134 151) A new public health concern is the recreational use of cough-suppressant medications such as __________. a. dopamine b. dextromethorphan c. demomorphine d. diluted morphine Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 133 152) Intestinal spasms following the taking of opioid medications are due to __________. a. intestinal slowing and a reduction in hydrochloric acid in the stomach b. a rebound from increased endorphin levels c. a combination of antitussive and analgesic effects d. intestinal constriction as food is pushed through faster Answer: a Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 134
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153) It was originally thought that oxycodone (brand name: OxyContin) was __________. a. useless for treating pain b. safe from potential abuse c. more addictive than Vicodin d. a useful treatment for skin itching Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 134 154) OxyContin produces an effect similar to heroin __________. a. when inhaled as a powder b. when dissolved into solution and injected c. any time it is taken d. both A and B Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 134 155) Which of the following is NOT true regarding OxyNEO? a. OxyNEO was designed to replace OxyContin as a drug therapy. b. OxyNEO can be easily crushed. c. OxyNEO turns into a jelly-like substance when dissolved. d. OxyNEO is difficult to smoke. Answer: b Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 134
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