Chapter 4 Review Questions Rev 2019
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Dec 6, 2023
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Chapter 4
Review Questions
1)
Name and briefly describe the three stages of labor.
2)
Contrast the positive impact of the baby’s production of high levels of stress hormones during
childbirth with the negative impact of severe maternal stress on the fetus, discussed on page 113 in
Chapter 3.
3)
On seeing her newborn baby for the first time, Caroline exclaimed, “Why is she so out of
proportion?” What observations prompted Caroline to ask this question? Explain why her baby’s
appearance is adaptive.
4)
Describe the features and benefits of natural childbirth. What aspect contributes greatly to favorable
outcomes, and why?
5)
Sharon, a heavy smoker, has just arrived at the hospital in labor. Which one of the medical
interventions discussed in the preceding sections is her doctor justified in using? (For help in
answering this question, review the prenatal effects of tobacco on pages 105–106 in Chapter 3.)
6)
If you were an expectant parent, would you choose home birth? Why or why not?
7)
Sensitive care can help preterm infants recover, but they are less likely than full-term newborns to
receive such care. Explain why.
8)
List factors discussed in this chapter and in Chapter 3 that increase the chances that an infant will
be born underweight. How many of these factors could be prevented by better health care for
expectant mothers?
9)
Cecilia and Anna each gave birth to a 3-pound baby seven weeks preterm. Cecilia is single and on
welfare. Anna and her husband are happily married and earn a good income. Plan an intervention
appropriate for helping each baby develop.
10)
Many people object to the use of extraordinary medical measures to save extremely low-birth-weight
babies because of their high risk for serious developmental problems. Do you agree or disagree?
Explain.
11)
What can newborn sleep patterns and crying tell us about the health of the central nervous system?
12)
How do the diverse capacities of newborn babies contribute to their first social relationships?
Provide as many examples as you can.
13)
After a difficult delivery, Jackie observes her 2-day-old daughter, Kelly, being given the NBAS.
Kelly scores poorly on many items. Seeing this, Jackie wonders if Kelly will develop normally. How
would you respond to Jackie’s concern?
14)
Are newborns more competent than you thought they were before you read this chapter? Which of
their capacities most surprised you?
15)
Explain how persisting postpartum depression seriously impairs children’s development.
16)
Explain how generous employment leave for childbirth—at least 12 weeks of paid time off available
to either the mother or father—can ease the transition to parenthood and promote positive parent–
infant interaction. (
Hint:
Consult the Social Issues: Health box on pages 138–139.)
17)
Derek, father of a 3-year-old and a newborn, reported that he had a harder time adjusting to the
birth of his second child than to that of his first. Explain why this might be so.
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