Assignment Two

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Dec 6, 2023

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NEEDS ASSESSMENT Need Assessment and Population Descriptor Ashley Treharne College of Social Work, The Ohio State University 7530: Needs Assessment in Social Work Roy Bobbitt September 22nd, 2023 Need Assessment and Population Descriptor Step 1: The methodology that will be utilized to gather the data on a lack of maternal health for Black Americans is social surveys, extrapolation of data from existing sources, and resource inventory. Beginning with social surveys, this method will be used to collect information from

NEEDS ASSESSMENT people within the community as it will provide me with first hand knowledge and original data and the perceptions of community members and potential consumers ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin, pp. 208). This data source was chosen as it can provide information about respondent’s needs, what other resource options are potentially available within the Northeastern Ohio area regarding maternal care ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin, 2012, pp. 208) and lastly, what types of services do community members believe are needed to combat the increase in maternal morbidity within their community. The strengths of using social surveys are their ability to identify barriers that can impact utilization, financial contributions and being able to successfully explain a social problem within communities ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin, 2012, pp. 208). The limitations are how long it would take for proper research analysis to begin. In some cases it can be 6-8 months, therefore, it is imperative that other sources are considered before turning to the attention of completing surveys ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin, 2012, pp. 208). The second data source that I will use is resource inventories. This resource is beneficial as it can be used to identify at-risk population groups such as Black American women living in rural areas, and attempt to seek out services that can provide resources to this community through partnering with agencies, both in the public and private sector ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin, pp. 208). Resource services can highlight eligible criteria for program planners to use when identifying with agencies that offer services that are based on the capacity of systems for target populations to receive specific needs such as case management and referrals ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin , 2012, pp. 208). This data source was chosen as it can be utilized within the target population of women who are experiencing disparities of a lack of resources, and

NEEDS ASSESSMENT recognizing the gaps of these disparities in terms of services that are readily available. The strengths of using the data resource are that a program planner is able to look at different agencies and see if they’re functioning at full capacity and if these agencies can be able to assist in helping more people within communities or if they’re at their limit (Textbook, pp. 208). The limitations of using the resource inventories are the possible bias from service providers as they become leaders in strategic planning because their insights may come from past experiences that are no longer relevant to current problems when making decisions ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin , 2012, pp. 208). The third data source that I will utilize is extrapolating from existing studies. This tool is beneficial toward providing existing information about program development through secondary sources that are also not specific to my chosen geographic area ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin , 2012, pp. 208). When considering rural areas that do not have an abundance of resources that are being offered, being able to learn more conducted studies that used effective strategies that were similar to our target population for assessing community needs can have a significant role in our approach to how we gather, collect, compile, and analyze data using different population characteristics ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin , 2012, pp. 208). The strengths of extrapolating from existing studies are the ability to pull from current and past research studies to gather or expand on information, especially in areas where not a lot of information is presently available to predict what outcomes are possible for a new program. The limitations of this source of data is that the results from these surveys will not reflect the same geographic area that is now being considered as a target population of a needs assessment

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NEEDS ASSESSMENT ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin , 2012, pp. 208). Step 2: The geographical region that will be utilized to assess the needs of Black American without maternal care in Northeastern, Ohio. More specifically, it will take place in Mahoning county. This geographic region was chosen based Conrey et al (2019) study that indicated the maternal morbidity in African Americans have been rising in rural areas that have similar target characteristics to the Northeastern region such as Black women experiencing health disparities during delivery of birth such as precondition hypertension, high stress levels, and server anesthesia complications during their hospitalizations. African American women who live within the Northeastern region have faced tremendous challenges to access maternal care and a lack of obstetric resources to them (Journal of Health Care for Poor and Underserved, 2023). In rural areas 14% of the U.S. population with one-third of these populations experiencing maternal care deserts, as these communities are not equipped to offer marginalized groups with proper obstetric care due to the shortages within the healthcare setting (Journal of Health Care for Poor and Underserved, 2023). The target population who are impacted by the problem are Black American women. In 2020, one in 12 African American infants were born having low-birth rate (Howell & Zeitlin, 2017). These rates of low-birth rate, infants being born preterm and maternal mortality in Black women continue to increase (Howell & Zeitlin, 2017), therefore, when considering potential clients within rural Northeast Ohio, Black American mothers would be the focus point of the study. These women will be chosen based on characteristics that best match the increase in

NEEDS ASSESSMENT maternal health care services. Considering the performance measurement, I am looking to include at least 60 Black women, who are high-risk living in Northeast Ohio. This number was chosen as the program outcome objective. The program will last for six months and serve an annual number of 360 participants during that time. The normative need is the existence of norms or standards ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin , 2012, pp.pp. 113). This can negatively impact assessment of needs when much of the data that program planners are utilizing is based on outdated data as opposed to having new information ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin , 2012, pp. 113). The perceived need can be defined as what community members believe their needs are and how they feel their needs to be ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin , 2012, pp. 133). Many African Americans have created a coalition to try and combat these years of a lack of maternal health services. The expressed need looks at whether community needs are being met and whether individuals are seeking out services within their community. In Northeastern Ohio, many stakeholders are beginning to address the need for maternal care through partnering with the Ohio Department of Health Pregnancy - Associated Mortality Review, Ohio Council to Advance Maternal Health, and Obstetrician and Gynecologists to combat this issue ( Obstetrics & Gynecology Department , 2023). The relative need is one of the most important as it considers the gaps that are relative in communities and geographic areas through different levels of services ( Kettner, Moroney, & Martin , 2012, pp. 113). The consistency or variance of data contained in the population funnel are the overall health disparities that African American face. These numbers have exceeded the national average in comparison to other ethnic counterparts. Our stakeholders and elected officials have addressed some of these issues, but structural reform and programs must be

NEEDS ASSESSMENT implemented to better combat this issue (Crear-Perry, 2022). Reference Crear-Perry, J., Correa-De-Araujo, R., Johnson, T. L., McLemore, M. R., Neilson, E. A., & Wallace, M. (2021). Social and structural determinants of health inequities in maternal health. Journal of Womens Health , 30 (2), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8882 Dispatch, C. (2023, May 2). Ohio still struggles with high death rates for infants and moms. Why can’t we fix this? The Columbus Dispatch . https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/2022/08/29/ohio-infant-maternal-mortality-issues- how-to-fix/9702757002/ Howell, E. A., & Zeitlin, J. (2017). Improving hospital quality to reduce disparities in severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Seminars in Perinatology, 41(5), 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2017.04.002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Department | Ohio State College of Medicine . (n.d.). The Ohio State University College of Medicine. https://medicine.osu.edu/departments/obstetrics-

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NEEDS ASSESSMENT gynecology Ohio State University. (n.d.). Week 6: Coursework: AU23 SOCWORK 7530 - Needs Assmt in SW (16161) (instructure.com)

Assignment Two

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