Joints made questions
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Binghamton University *
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MISC
Subject
Medicine
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
6
Uploaded by KidElectron3973
What is a joint?
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What are the functions of a joint?
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What are the different general classifications of joints?
The different general classifications for a joint are their structural class which is:
Fibrous, immobili/synarthrosis, or slightly movable/amphiarthrosis and immobili, (allmost all fibrous joints are immobil.
Cartilaginous: synathrosis and amphiarthrosis
Synovial: diarthrosis
What joint is composed of collagen fibers of connective tissue?
Fibrous joints
Where can sutures be found?
Sutures are found in the skull and are immobile or synarthrosis joints
What happens when sutures ossify?
During middle age sutures begin to ossify and form Synostoses or "bony junctions", this is a protective adaptation as movement of cranial bones would cause damage to the brain.
What are syndesmoses?
These are joints held together by a ligament, the fiberous tissue is longer than a sutures fiberous tissue. The amount of movement allowed depends on the length of the ligament
What joins bones to bones?
Ligaments join bones to bones
What is the only joint type that does not join bone to another bone and where is it found and what ligament is associeated?
Gomohosis, these join teeth to bone using the periodontal ligament.
What are cartilaginous joints and what are the different types?
Cartilaginous joints are when articulating bones are connected to each other by cartilage. They are not highly movable and lack a joint cavity. The types are synchoncreoses and spmphyses. What are synarthroses and amphiarthroses?
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What joints unite bones with a plate of hyaline cartilage?
Synchondroses. All synchrondroses are synarthotic. most common synchondroses are the epiphysial plate in the long bone of children. Which joint type used fibrocartilage to join bones?
symphyses. which allows some movement and has a little bit of hayaline cartilage present on the bony surfaces. Examples are the pubic symphysis and the intervertebral discs.
What is the benefits of fibrocartilage?
fibrocartilage is compressable and resiliant and acts as a shock absorber and permits some movement around the joint. What are Synovial joints?
Synovial joints are joints with a joint cavity containing fluid between articulating bones . All synovial joints are diarthroses.
What are the six structures found in all synovial joints?
Synovial jionts contain:
Ligaments
Joint Cavity
Articular cartilage
Fibrous Layer
Synovial Membrane
Periosteum
What is the hyaline cartilage covering both ends of the synovial joint and what is its function?
This is the articular cartilage, it seves as a cushon for the bones to prevent them from being crushed. What is the small space between articulating bones?
This is the joint cavity, usually it is very small but it can grow larger during inflamation and this is where the synovial fluid is. What has two layers being the fibrous layer and synovial layer and what are their functions? iThis is the articular capsule which has an external fibrous layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue and the inner layer called the synovial membrane that is composed of loose connective tissue. This covers all joint surfaces that are not hyaline cartilage. The articular capsule strengthens the joint so bones arent pulled apart and it produces synovial fluid.
What is synovial fluid and what does it to?
Synovial fluid is the liquid inside of the joint, it provides a slippery weight-bearing film that reduces friction that could otherwise destroy joint tissues. Weeping Lubricationx is when synovial fluid is stored in the cartilage until the cartilage is compressed when it seeps out until the cartilage can soak it up like a sponge. What are bandlike ligaments that join articulating bones and what do they do?
These are reinforcing ligaments, most often they are capsular ligaments which are thickened part of the fiberous lauer. These are not inside of the joint cavity.
Why are synovial joints vasularized and innerved?
It is important to detect pain in a joint if there is damage done. Synovial fluid is also derrived from blood making it important to innerve the joints. What are the structures that are in some synovial joints?
Bursae and tendon sheaths. What are flatened sacs containing small amount of synovial liquid and where are they found?
Bursae and these are found where ligaments, muscles, skin, and tendons, or bones rub together. For example the subacromial bursea is found beterrn the humerous and the acromion of the scapula.
What wraps completly around a tendon subjected to frequent friction and where can it be found?
A tendon sheath, which is basically an elongated bursa, these are common where tendons crowed together within narrow canals. What medical condition is linked to the tendon sheeth?
Tendonitis
What are the factors infuencing joint stability which is the most important?
The shapes of the articular surfaces: play a minor role in stability, many joints have shallow sockets or soxkets that hinder joint stability.
the number of and positioning of ligaments: unite bones and prevent undesirable motion, mostly more ligaments a joint has the stronger it is but when other stabilizing factors are inadequate then ligaments start to stretch. Ligaments can only stretch 6% of its length before they snap. THerefore when a ligament is the major means of beacing a joint then the joint is not stable. and muscle tone: the most important stabilizing factor for most joints. muscle tendons that cross a joint are kept under tension by the tone if muscles. very important for shoulder, knees, and arches of the foot. What is the difference between coxal joint and glenohumeral joint?
ball and socket joint is mcuh more stable at coxal joint
When does moreligaments cause a decrease in stability?
when the structure is not stabilized by anything else. More ligaments will What attatches muscle to bone and how does it help stability?
Tendons attatch muscle to bone and because buscles will cross over hjoints the tension held by the buscles and tendions will keep joints stable.
What movements are allowed by a synovial joint?
The movements allowed are:
Nonaxial: gliding movements
uniaxial: movement in one plane
biaxial: movement in 2 planes
multi axial: moemment in or around all there planes
What movement is allowed by a plane joint and what are examples?
gliding motions are allowed by plane joints and are used in hands,and feet at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints. as well as joints between vertebral articular surfaces.
What are the joint shapes for uniaxial movement and what are the movements allowed?
These are the hinge joints thar allow for flexion and extension
Condylar and Saddle joints allow for what movement and whatt are examples?
these both allow for biaxial moeement and wrist joints are condylar, and thumb joints are saddle joints
Ball and socket joints allow for what movement and what are some examples?
Ball and socket joints allow for multiaxial joints and are the shoulder and hip joints
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What are 5 specific examples of synovial joints?
Some unique joints are:
Temporomandibular joint
Glenohumeral Joint
Elbow Joint
Hip Joint
Knee Joint
What joint is a modified hinge joint that has superior and inferior portions of the synovial cavity?
The temporomandibular joint
What is the most freely moving joint in the body and what stabilizes it?
The glenohumeral joint is the most freely movable joint in the body and it it stabilized by muscle tendons. The most stabilizing muscle tendon is the tendon that attaces to the superior margin of the glenoif labrum and runs within the intertubercular sulcus of the humerous. The rotator cuff also helps stabilize the glenohumeral joint. What bones are around the elbow joint and what stabalizes it?
The radius and ulna are around the elbow joint and it is stabilized by the ulnas trochlear notch the forms the hinge.an anular ligament encircles the head of the radius.
Why is that elbow hard to dislocate?
Tendons of several arm muscles cross the joint and there are many ligaments constricltinf the movement. What provides stability to the coxal joint and what type of joint is it?
The coxal joint is a ball and socket joint and it is hard to dislocate because the diameter of the labrum is smaller than that of the head of the femur. What is the ligament at the head of the femur called?
ligamentum terees, its mechanical function is unclear but it does have an artery run through it.
When do ligaments loosen and tighten in the coaxal joint?
most ligaments will loosen when hip is not in use then tighten when the hip is in use
How many joints make up the knee joint and what are they?
The knee joint consists of three different joints:
Femoropatellar joint
Tibiofemoral joint
Menisci
What are stabilizing structures of the knee joint?
the meniscus and many ligaments help to stabilize the knee joint. All three types ooof ligaments . (extracapsular, capsular, and intracapsular) stabiliza and strenthen the capsul of the knee joint, the
What is a thin layer of fiborous cartilage at the outer margins of tibiofemoral joints?
the extracapsular fibular, this is probably talking about the meniscus which helps prevent lateral movement in the knee.
What prevent hyperextension of the knee?
all of the capsular and extracapsular ligaments: the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, the oblique popliteal ligament, and the arcuate popliteal ligament. What are the intracapsular ligaments (crucuate ligaments)?
ligaments that cross each other forming an X. between the femoral condyles. they restrain the anterior-posterior displacement of the joint of the articular surfaces. They are the ACL and the PCL
What bones surround the knee?
The femur and the tibia
What is the difference between degenerative and inflammaroty arthritis?
Degenerative arthritis is when joints lose joint tissue over time and leads to two bones rubbing
Inflammartoy arthrisits wis when joints werll with fluid and this leads to irritation and pain, eventually joints can calcify leading to them not working anymore
Where is arthritis a big problem?
Osteoarthritis has a large majority of people in the USA will get it
What are the names for short term and long term forms of arthritis and what causes them?
these are called osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and one is the long term degredation of cartilage where it does not get replaced as fast as it gets destroyed and the other is an autoimmune disease that has flare ups and remissions that come with pain and swelling. RA is much more of a serious problem whil OA affects far more people. What are the types of arthritis?
can be acute or chronic
What increases the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis?
using a joint more, age, genetics, joint damage, manual labor jobs, desk jobs, not using a joint enough
What does bilateral mean?
affects both sides simptaneously
What arthritis is an autoimmine disorder and what joints are most likely to be affected?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What happens during flare ups?
joints swell and there is a lot of pain
What is the progression of RA?
First the synovial joints become inflamed then lumphocytes and macrophages flood the area to destroy the cause of the inflamation and then alsodestroy some of the synovial membrane, the synovial fluid accumulates and a pannus forms, What is pannus?
Pannus is a thickening of synovial membrane and it breaks down cartilage over time
What is anklosis?
when bones fuse together where cartilage and joints used to be, means people move less but with more pain
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