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Dec 6, 2023

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Chiropractic care, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Word Count 622 Chiropractic care is an alternative medical practice that specializes in the identification and management of mechanical diseases of the musculoskeletal system, particularly those affecting the spine. Chiropractors align the musculoskeletal system of the body, particularly the spine, using manual manipulation and other non-traditional therapies such adjustments and spinal manipulations to promote self-healing without the need of drugs or surgery (Walker, 2016). Chiropractic care as a healing practice originated in the late 19th century. It was founded by Daniel David Palmer, a self-taught magnetic healer and grocer from Davenport, Iowa, USA. The birth of chiropractic is often attributed to an event that occurred on September 18, 1895. According to chiropractic history, Palmer claimed to have restored the hearing of a man named Harvey Lillard by manipulating his spine. Lillard, who was partially deaf, allegedly mentioned that he lost his hearing after a back injury. Palmer's manipulation of Lillard's spine led to the restoration of his hearing. This event is considered the first chiropractic adjustment and is commemorated annually as Chiropractic Founders Day. Following this incident, Palmer developed a system of adjusting the spine, which he believed could cure various ailments by restoring the body's natural alignment. He gave the practice the name "chiropractic," which is derived from the Greek words "cheir" (hand) and "praktos" (done), denoting a hands-on method of treatment (Holmes et al., 2018). Chiropractors are currently used in the American health care system. The most common educational prerequisite for future chiropractors is a bachelor's degree in a relevant profession, however there may be other requirements as well. Attending a chiropractic college, completing a Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.) degree from an accredited chiropractic college, which usually takes about four years (Walker, 2016). Health Insurance Coverage: Private Health Insurance: Chiropractic treatment is covered by a large number of private health insurance plans. The extent of coverage, however, might differ significantly. A set number of visits per year may be covered by some plans, while a portion of the cost may be covered by others. Medicare: Chiropractic treatments are often covered by Medicare, a federal health insurance program for seniors 65 and over, if they are considered medically essential and given by a chiropractor who has been approved by Medicare. Medicaid: Chiropractic care may be covered by Medicaid, a state- and federally-funded program that offers low-income people health insurance. State-specific insurance laws differ (Holmes et al., 2018). Chiropractor effectiveness Spinal Alignment: Chiropractors believe that many health problems can be traced back to problems with the spine. They use adjustments to bring the spine into proper alignment, which can alleviate pain and improve overall health.

Nervous System Impact: Chiropractors believe that the nervous system is greatly affected by the alignment of the spine. By correcting spinal issues, they aim to improve the functioning of the nervous system. Holistic Approach: Chiropractic care often includes lifestyle counseling, exercise recommendations, and nutritional advice to promote overall wellness (Walker, 2016). Conditions Treated: Back and Neck Pain: Chiropractors commonly treat issues like back and neck pain, often caused by poor posture, accidents, or repetitive strains. Headaches: Certain types of headaches, especially those originating from tension or misalignment in the neck, can be treated through chiropractic care. Joint Pain: Chiropractic care can also address pain in joints such as shoulders, knees, and ankles. Sports Injuries: Athletes often seek chiropractic care for injuries and performance enhancement. Sciatica: Chiropractors can provide relief for sciatic nerve pain through various techniques (Hart, 2007). Treatment Techniques: Spinal Adjustments: The main method is aligning a spinal joint by exerting a controlled, abrupt stress on it. Mobilization: This involves low-velocity manipulation, movement, and stretching of joints and muscles. Soft Tissue Therapy: Chiropractors may use massage therapy, trigger point therapy, or stretching to relax muscles and improve tissue healing. Exercise and Rehabilitation: Chiropractors often prescribe specific exercises to help patients improve their strength and flexibility (Hart, 2007). References Hart, J. (2007). Correlation of health outcomes with physician and chiropractor ratios in the United States. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 6 (3), 105–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcme.2007.06.003 Holmes, M. M., Bishop, F. L., Newell, D., Field, J., & Lewith, G. (2018). Chiropractors’ views on the use of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical practice: a qualitative study. Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, 26 (1), 50–50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-018-0219-6 Walker, B. F. (2016). The new chiropractic. Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, 24 (1), 26–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-016-0108-9

Part I: Time orientation Word Count 262 Time orientation refers to the way individuals and societies perceive and use time. It's a cultural concept that influences people's attitudes and behaviors regarding time management, punctuality, planning for the future, and interpreting the past (Klincewicz, 2014). Different cultures and individuals can have varying time orientations, which can broadly be categorized into the following types: Past-oriented: Some cultures and individuals focus heavily on the past. They value traditions, history, and long-standing cultural practices. Decision-making is often influenced by past experiences and lessons (Vatakis, 2015). Present-oriented: Present-oriented individuals and cultures prioritize the current moment. They focus on immediate gratification, enjoying the present, and dealing with the "here and now" rather than worrying about the past or the future (Vatakis, 2015). Future-oriented: Future-oriented cultures and individuals plan for the future, set long-term goals, and often delay immediate gratification for future rewards. They invest time and resources in education, career planning, and saving for the future (Vatakis, 2015). Cultures and individuals can also be a mix of these orientations, and the dominant time orientation can influence various aspects of life, including work habits, social interactions, and decision-making processes. Understanding time orientation is crucial in cross-cultural communication and business interactions, as different time orientations can lead to misunderstandings or conflicts if not recognized and respected. People from past-oriented cultures may find it challenging to understand the fast-paced lifestyle of those from future-oriented cultures, and vice versa. It's important to note that these are generalizations and may not apply to every individual within a specific culture. Additionally, the concept of time orientation is a social construct and can evolve over time within societies and individuals (Cay et al., 2020). Part II: Communication and Time Orientation Word count 445 Time orientation at the workplace refers to how individuals and organizations perceive and manage time-related aspects of work. It includes factors such as punctuality, deadlines, planning, and the balance between short-term and long-term goals (Cay et al., 2020). Understanding and managing time orientation in the workplace is essential for productivity, efficiency, and creating a positive work culture. Here are some aspects of time orientation in the workplace: Punctuality: Different cultures and individuals have varying attitudes towards punctuality. Some cultures emphasize strict adherence to schedules and punctuality, while others may have a more relaxed approach. Understanding and respecting these differences are crucial in diverse workplaces (Vatakis, 2015). In my case, at my workplace, we appreciate punctuality and follow deadlines for duties and responsibilities. Deadline Management: Meeting deadlines is essential in most workplaces. Future-oriented individuals and organizations tend to plan well in advance to meet long-term goals and deadlines (Vatakis, 2015).

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Present-oriented individuals may focus on immediate tasks, and past-oriented individuals may draw from historical data and experiences to manage current deadlines. Time Management: Efficient time management involves prioritizing tasks, setting goals, and allocating time effectively. Time-oriented individuals often plan their tasks based on their orientation. Future- oriented individuals may focus on long-term projects and strategic planning, while present-oriented individuals may excel in tasks requiring immediate attention and adaptability (Klincewicz, 2014). Long-Term vs. Short-Term Focus: Future-oriented workplaces invest in long-term planning, research, and development. They prioritize projects that may not yield immediate results but contribute to future growth (Cay et al., 2020). Present-oriented workplaces may focus on immediate profits and short-term goals. Balancing these orientations can be crucial for the overall success of the organization. My time orientation falls into this category, and it is accepted universally because I base my duties on things that I need to do right away and duties that will take place in a future. Cyclical Time: Some cultures view time as cyclical, where events and activities occur in repetitive cycles. This perspective can influence the way tasks and projects are planned and executed, emphasizing regular reviews and adjustments (Klincewicz, 2014). Flexibility: Adapting to different time orientations and being flexible in work practices can enhance collaboration in multicultural workplaces. Flexibility allows employees to adjust their approaches based on the requirements of specific tasks or projects. Communication: Clear communication about expectations related to time, deadlines, and priorities is vital. Miscommunications regarding timelines can lead to confusion and delays. To foster a productive work environment, healthcare facilities, such as my workplace often invest in training programs and cultural awareness initiatives to help employees understand and appreciate different time orientations. Emphasizing clear communication, setting realistic deadlines, and encouraging flexibility can create a harmonious workplace where diverse time orientations are respected and leveraged for collective success and deliver of quality of patient care (Cay et al., 2020). Cay, S., Ozeke, O., Ozcan, F., Topaloglu, S., & Aras, D. (2020). Time perception: What’s “early”? What’s “delayed”? Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 31 (7), 1880–1880. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.14492 Klincewicz, M. (2014). Understanding Perception of Time in Terms of Perception of Change. Procedia, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 126, 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.315 Vatakis, A. (2015). Timing and time perception. Procedures, measures, and applications. Brill.

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