Changes in medical education_ 1-28-24 (1)
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Capella University *
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BHA4002
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Medicine
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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8
Uploaded by dangelapurnell
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Changes in Medical Education D’Angela Purnell
Capella University BHA4002: History of the United States Health Care System Instructor Becky Stocker January 2024
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Introduction This assessment will give an overview of the evolution of medical education from different periods. At the end of this assessment, we will have a clearer understanding of the two forms of education used over time, apprenticeship models and academic models. These forms will be analyzed and discussed to gain insight into their evolution and impact on quality patient care. Finally, the importance of understanding the history of medical education will be discussed to provide a deeper understanding of the purpose of knowing the history of medical education and its application to present-day studies and practice. The Changing Scope of Medical Education Medical education has immensely changed from the 1800s to the present day, 2024. In the 1800s, medical training was often through apprenticeships and usually consisted of aspiring physicians working with experienced physicians. In the 19th century, medical education began to see a change as medical schools began to be formed to administer formalized education with a structured curriculum and standardized training. This change came as medical science advanced, and the understanding of anatomy became prominent. The Flexner Report of 1910 pushed for a change in medical education and advocated higher standards and scientific stringency. Throughout the 20th century, medical education evolved and began using advanced technology and medical knowledge. Looking at medical education today involves rigorous academic studies, clinicals, and residencies. Evidence-based practice, ethical considerations, and patient-centered care have become the basis of medical training in the present day. Apprenticeship Models vs. Academic Model The apprenticeship model involves hands-on learning for aspiring physicians under an experienced practitioner. It allows aspiring physicians to gain real-world experience and a deeper
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understanding of the field. Apprentices typically go through practical skills, clinical exposure, and direct patient care. The components of the apprenticeship model are learning through experience, mentorship, and skill mastery, which focuses on mastering practical skills and techniques. The academic model is a structured approach to training healthcare professionals. The academic model aims to produce well-rounded and scientifically informed healthcare professionals from theoretical knowledge and practical clinical experience. Components of the academic mode include a formal curriculum, classroom instruction, laboratory work, clinical rotations, exams and assessments, research with evidence-based practice, and professional development. The academic model is currently the basis of medical education. Analyze How They Have Evolved & Impact on Quality of Care In the 1800s, the apprenticeship model was a prominent method of medical education. Allowing apprentices to observe, assist, and gain skills for necessary medical practices. The effectiveness of apprenticeship models varied, and the educational quality usually relied on the mentor's teaching capabilities. As medical schools and standardized education were established, the apprenticeship model continued in the 1960s but changed. Medical schools began to focus on scientific approaches and clinical rotations as a component of the apprenticeship model. The 1960s had a balance between traditional apprenticeship and academic model. The apprenticeship model is still evident through clinical rotations and residencies, considered modern-day apprenticeships. Today, it involves working with experienced healthcare professionals to gain practical skills and exposure to different medical specialties. It has evolved to meet educational
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standards to balance hands-on and academic learning to help develop clinical and critical thinking skills for effective patient care. The academic model in the 1800s was not standardized as it is today. During this period, medical education needed a more consistent structure and was usually learned under the apprenticeship model. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, with the impact of the Flexner Report in 1910, medical education began to reform and standardized medical education; this led to a more structured foundation of medical education and what the academic model is today. As the academic model developed during the 20th century, it continued to evolve in the 1960s. Scientific advances in medicine became rapid during this period, resulting in academic programs incorporating new knowledge and research into curricula and laying the foundation for evidence-based medicine. The balance between academic coursework and practical experiences remained essential to medical training during the 1960s. In present-day medical education, the academic model is the primary approach as it is well-structured and rigorous; this approach blends theoretical knowledge with hands-on clinical experience. Today's approach to medical learning can be defined as a blend of modern-day apprenticeship with advanced academic models. The evolution of the apprenticeship model significantly impacted the quality of patient care. During the early centuries, the quality of care depended on mentors' skills and knowledge. The apprenticeship model eventually transitioned to an academic model used to improve the quality of healthcare professionals. Today, healthcare professionals' benefit from a blend of academic knowledge and hands-on experience to better understand patient needs. The evolution
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of the early apprenticeship model to the modern-day apprenticeship model with a blend of academic knowledge has improved high-quality patient care. Importance of Understanding History of Medicine Understanding the history of medical education is essential in improving future developments within medical training programs and ensuring that healthcare professionals have high competence in their field of work. Understanding medical education allows policymakers, educators, and healthcare institutions to provide curricula that prioritize skills and relevant knowledge to deliver high-quality care, leading to better patient health outcomes. Understanding medical education can also help identify and tackle disparities in the healthcare system. It can help improve access to care and develop training programs that meet the evolving needs of diverse populations. In conclusion, understanding the evolution of medical education is a step in building a healthcare system that delivers high-quality care. It provides continuous improvement in medical education to ensure that healthcare professionals are equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to meet the ever-changing demands of the healthcare system. Conclusion In conclusion, medical education continues to evolve as medical advances and new knowledge grows. Medical education has had essential changes over time that have improved the quality of care provided to patients, which is the goal of healthcare. With apprenticeship models evolving and being incorporated into current-day academic models, it has shaped the development of all aspiring physicians, allowing for high-quality knowledge in their desired field of work. Understanding how medical education and why it has changed will continue to help the
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medical industry grow to provide relevant knowledge for future healthcare workers and the current healthcare workforce.
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