Week 5 Discussion

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Maria Iraggi Week 5: 5A: The Black Death Thomas Discussion : Post  Quote : “Traditionally, Western medicine focused on diseased individuals rather than on the disease itself: The Hippocratics taught that disease (humoral imbalance) resulted from congenital weaknesses, an unhealthy environment, or sinful behavior.”  Question : How do you think religion influenced scientific thought during medieval times? How do religious beliefs dictate healthcare today? Do you think religious beliefs have a place in medicine?  Reflection : The evolution of medicine is fascinating and disturbing. It’s amazing how Western medicine is on a pedestal today, despite its history of inaccuracy and religious beliefs, which is why I chose the above quote. I think there is a theme of enforcing one’s moral values through science and controlling its citizens throughout history. It’s amazing how classist views of medical patients still exist today. Response Han Glavan: What sort of stigmas against illness can we observe in modern day society? Do you think that any of these could potentially trace back?  Reply : Hi Han, there are many stigmas against illness we can observe in modern-day society that traces back to the age of the bubonic plague. For example, people of the lower class were often neglected and did not receive adequate healthcare. This is similar to what we observe in African-American communities today.

Brianna Mersincavage: Do you think clergy can treat diseases alone or do they need the help of physicians? Does the salvation of the soul maintain our health even if you do not believe in any God?  Reply : Hi Brianna, I don’t think clergy is enough to treat disease alone and a physician is necessary for the treatment of medical disease. However spiritual health is very important for a patient and may alleviate their pain or symptoms. This is not the same as treating the disease. Contrary to the belief that God was punishing patients with physical disease, the salvation of the soul can help the spiritual health or mindset of a patient, however, this is not a cure to disease itself. 5B: Cholera Weisberg Discussion : Post  Quote : “To combat the disease, reformers and doctors seriously looked at the surrounding environment, at the filth, unprocessed sewage, rotting garbage, and unsanitary living conditions that plagued the inner city areas.”  Question : Do you think Hippocrates was onto something in his claim that an unhealthy environment causes disease, even though his focus on sin as a cause of disease, perpetuated ideas that God is punishing humankind with disease?  Reflection : This quote stood out to me because here it’s observable that physicians are starting to think more like detectives solving problems. Instead of redirecting the cause of disease to social implications of humankind or societal trends, they started to become aware of physical perception which eventually evolved into germ theory and became problem solvers.

Response Arbaz Munawar: Do you think thoughts like disease were caught by sins halted progress at various stages of times when people looked to advance in the field of medicine?  Reply : Hi Arbaz, yes, I think the religious influence of society halted the progress of medicine during the medieval ages. The realization of contamination of sewage was critical to the survival of Cholera, so religious explanations only delayed any solution to this disease. Lori Wong: Do you think that politics and medicine are inevitably intertwined, given the many examples of artistic and political opportunists? Are there any examples of when disease prevention and treatment stay at the forefront? What responsibility do artists hold in orchestrating the outcome, and should they morally?  Reply : Hello Lori, to some extent politics and medicine are inevitably intertwined, as the government is responsible for healthcare infrastructure, disease prevention, and control. However, throughout history, healthcare and medicine have used politics to exploit people without checks and balances. I do not think artists should be held to any moral standard in orchestrating some sort of outcome in society, but they are free to express themselves. I think governments do their best to keep disease prevention and treatment at the forefront, but due to corruption fall short. I think art is a powerful vessel of expression that helps us understand questions about history. 5C: HIV/AIDS Zita Grover Discussion : Post

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 Quote : “Shilt’s “treatment pf Gaetan Dugas collapses the young man’s entire life into his sexual habits with an avidity and prurience tailor-made for the mass media.”  Question : Do you think it’s fair to associate AIDS largely with homosexuality? Why do you think society puts the focus on gay men, even though there are many ways to contract HIV other than sexual transmission? What do you think about the resurfacing of gay men with the outbreak of monkeypox?  Reflection : I felt this reading was telling regarding some of the issues we observe today with COVID-19. Although COVID-19 was said to have originated in China, many people blame not only Chinese people but Asians in general, which led to discrimination and violence against Asians. This quote shows that the speculation surrounding patient Zero may lead to stigmatization or scapegoating of the behaviors in addition to hysteria and disgust. Response Lori Wong: Do you think society has progressed in its usage of these terms since the writing of this text, or do you think nothing much has changed considering the distinction between discussion and actual practice? Has media rhetoric persisted in this narrative?  Reply : Hi Lori, no I do not think society has progressed in terms of stereotyping and scapegoating people for diseases since the HIV/AIDS scare. I have seen similar language reiterate the same stereotypes about gay men and monkeypox, as well as COVID-19 and Asian people. I think media rhetoric has persisted in this narrative most definitely, creating friction for said minorities and vulnerability to hate crimes. De’Ara Harris: Why do you think people choose to use health conditions as an excuse for avoiding a group of people? Are they trying to send people a message similar to "if you

associate yourself with a certain group, you will expose yourself to "their" disease, increasing your chances of infection?"  Reply : Hi De’Ara, I think that mass hysteria causes fear in people, which leads to mental health issues and madness in society. It’s often easier for people to target and blame others out of disgust, which is a response to their fear, thus generalizing people and excluding certain groups of people associated with the disease. The judgment people pass onto others and exclusion does not necessarily limit their exposure to disease as many other humans are potential carriers of the disease. People often let fear control their behavior. 5D: COVID Lewis Discussion : Post  Quote : Medical privacy laws in the United States can present obstacles to this kind of viewing. Instead of images, we have daily briefings of statistics presented in pie charts and bar graphs.  Question : Do you think photographers should be allowed to surface graphic details of those deceased from COVID-19? Should people be shown the harsh reality of COVID-19 victims, or should this be censored? Is this necessary or could this cause more mass hysteria?  Reflection : I thought this was a controversial topic about the use of photography during the pandemic. I chose this quote above because it depicts the concern of HIPPA and professionalism. However, insensitivity was at its height as people demanded civilization open back up, despite the elephant in the room, the spread of disease. This reading made

me frown and gave me chills. This was a difficult time for everyone and it’s difficult to believe the Pandemic is done. It came and went like a storm but it’s an eerie feeling for those who truly suffered and are no longer with us. May they rest in peace and society heal. I’m not even ready to act like it’s behind us. Response Xinyu Dong: Do you think visual aids in times such as the current pandemic are as impactful and necessary for people to understand the severity of it?  Reply : Hello, Xinyu, no I do not think images of the pandemic are as impactful or necessary for people to understand the severity of it, personally. I find them triggering and voyeuristic. I do not personally need them to envision the catastrophes. Reading about the terror is enough for me. I think it could serve useful for documentation purposes, but I think the resurfacing in mass media led to hysteria. As far as people who are insensitive to the situation, I believe this is a matter of ignorance. Melanie Reisner: Do you think that you would have had a better understanding of COVID-19 if more images and documentation from inside the hospitals were released?  Reply : This is a very touchy subject, but I do not believe the photo evidence would have made a difference on the people who don’t want to wear masks, get vaccinated, or stay inside. I think they are selfish, self-serving, unempathetic beings, who have no reconciliation on the effects of COVID-19. I think viewing the photos requires a great level of maturity, and I think it would exploit some of the issues if resurfaced in the media, leading to hysteria. I do not think photo evidence should be banned, but I don’t see it necessary in mass media. Grippe Discussion :

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Post  Quote : “Putting 100,000 dots or stick figures on a page “doesn’t tell you what it means for us as a country.”  Question : How do you think victims without family or friends are remembered or commemorated? How many people of low class were removed from existence due to this disease? What can we do to honor all victims of COVID-19?  Reflection : I honestly wanted to just quote all of the names in the photo of the grid listing the victims, but I agree that this doesn’t do justice to the victims spared from COVID-19. I think it would be nice to create a memorial for the victims with their names. Response Arbaz Munawar: Do you think enough action was taken by the government during COVID to minimize the deaths?  Reply : Hi Munawar, no I think the government was under terror during the COVID-19 pandemic. From civil unrest in our communities, to complete science denial, I think the government provoked the COVID-19 pandemic under the Trump Administration and inflicted terror on America itself. Leah Kalinowski : If you were in charge of representing many lost lives on the cover of the New York Times, how would you do it?  Reply : Hi Leah, if I were in charge of the New York Times article representing many lost lives on the cover, I would advocate for an artistic demonstration to capture the masses affected by this disease. I would commemorate all of the victim’s names and collaborate with an artist to capture the reality of what they experienced.

Week 5 Discussion

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