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Nov 24, 2024
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The Healthcare System in the USA
Part 1
A healthcare system is a network of institutions or individuals responsible for providing medical care and services to the American people and citizens. This medical service can be obtained from both public and private hospitals and doctors. These services are funded through the money paid for medical insurance coverage. Insurance companies, government agencies, and
non-profit organizations are examples of institutions that provide these services. Healthcare is one of the most important health services that a human being can have the opportunity to access and benefit from services in case anyone falls ill. In the United States of America, life insurance, one of the health care, is considered important to every person living there, and one should have insurance.
In the United States of America, adults who are 75 years and above take up the 10 million visits to the Emergency Department (ED) that have been recorded so far and those who are over 65 years are said to have the highest ED utilization rates[ CITATION Geo19 \l 1033 ], as compared to all other age groups.
The Difference and Comparison of the Healthcare Systems in the USA, Canada, and
Europe
The United States of America’s healthcare is different from other countries in the world, though the policies established by the private sector are mixed with private and public insurance programs. Medicare and Medicaid are examples of two main healthcare programs that are publicly funded.
The system differs because the Medicare healthcare program provides health coverage to Americans over 65, and Medicaid provides medical coverage to low-income families and individuals.
One of the defining characteristics of the US healthcare system is its high cost. The country spends more on healthcare per capita than any other developed nation, yet many Americans lack access to affordable healthcare. This has led to ongoing debates and discussions about healthcare reform and how to ensure that all Americans have access to high-quality healthcare services.
The healthcare system in the United States of America is quite different from the healthcare system of other developed nations. A comparison between USA, Canada, and Europe. The US healthcare system is different and unique in different ways.
Many developed countries such as Canada and European countries have developed some universal healthcare coverage that houses all of their citizens. Still, the US does not have a system that provides coverage to all citizens. Instead, the US relies on a mix of public and private insurance programs, leading to many challenges and difficulties when accessing insured healthcare programs and services.
In addition to that, the cost of acquiring healthcare medical coverage in the United States of America is very high compared to the universal health coverage in Canada and Europe. Still,
the services offered and policies sold do not have promising results. Due to the cost of acquiring medical healthcare coverage, many American citizens struggle to afford necessary medical care. The lack of access to affordable healthcare has become a major political issue in recent years.
In the United States of America, there healthcare services offered are different, and it is found that people from the same family or area can have different medical insurance coverage. There are several types of insurance that individuals can have to help cover the cost of healthcare[ CITATION Yab19 \l 1033 ]. Employers mostly prefer giving their workers commercial insurance coverage, but any person can purchase any medical insurance coverage of their preference. Work-sponsored insurance is the most common form of coverage for Americans.
State-sponsored insurance programs include Medicaid, which covers low-income individuals and families, and CHIP (Children's Health Insurance Program), which covers children from low-income families who do not qualify for Medicaid. Finally, some Americans have no insurance coverage, which can result in significant financial barriers to accessing healthcare.
Part 2
According to the health insurance data, as of late 2022, approximately more than 3.5 million people were covered by insurance coverage, and they enrolled in Medicaid insurance coverage. In New York, the total number of people under Medicaid insurance mounted to more than 19% of the state's population.
Concerning the New York State Department of Health, there were more than 5 million Medicaid health insurance enrollees in New York, with an approximated over 2.5 million people
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living in New York City. This represents about 30% of the total population living in New Tork City. The data also shows that the number of Medicaid-insured individuals is so different by considering the geographical location within the city.
For instance, there were more than 1 million Medicaid enrollees in Brooklyn, with high concentrations in zip codes such as 11226, 11207, and 11208. There were more than 800,000 Medicaid enrollees, with high concentrations in zip codes such as 10456, 10457, and 10458. These areas are mostly associated with poverty and access to healthcare medical coverage as much as history is concerned, which is a huge risk to the individual’s health.
On matters to do with a correlation that existed between race or ethnicity and Medicaid enrollment, the data present showcased and proves that there is a very high prevalence that exists
among the people who have been insured using the Medicaid medical insurance cover, including the neighborhoods with very high populations that comprise of the Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals. An example is East Harlem (zip code 10029), which is mostly occupied by the Hispanic population, where almost half of the population had previously been enrolled in Medicaid dating back to 2018, compared to the regions with very high populations of the White people, e.g., Upper East Side (zip code 10021), the Medicaid enrollment rate was below 15%.
In a nutshell, the data available communicates loudly that there is a correlation that exists between Medicaid enrollment and race or ethnicity, which has a very high number of people enrolling in areas with high numbers of Asians, Hispanics, and Black people due to their socioeconomic factors such as poverty, limited access to healthcare services, and systemic healthcare disparities.
Part 3
The current healthcare system profits several individuals and stakeholders, including insurance companies, healthcare providers, and pharmaceutical companies. Medicaid tends not to benefit much from the system since, at times, they experience low-quality care, and the healthcare coverage is limited. Despite the potential drawbacks, the people involved in controlling and managing the services may resist pushing for reforms in the industry. Targeting the minority and less privileged groups in the United States of America creates a cycle of dependency that might perpetuate systemic healthcare disparities[ CITATION Gil20 \l 1033 ]. However, Affordable Care Act and Medicaid can provide temporary relief but wouldn’t address all issues present. There may be resistance to changes that could disrupt the status quo, even if these changes would improve access to care and health outcomes for those currently underserved.
Part 4
The relationship and that exists between the healthcare system in the United States of America and articles written by different authors are evident in the order in which the structural inequality is in operation across kinds of domains, such as housing, incarceration, and the economy. The effects of gentrification; mass incarceration can have very impactful healthcare services. For example, Brett Story's "Neighborhood Watch: Reform and Real Estate in Gentrifying Brooklyn" and Neil Smith's "The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City" highlights how gentrification has the capability of leading to erosion and displacement of the very affordable housing [ CITATION Sto192 \l 1033 ]that have been developed in a region and can limit the access to healthcare for low-income residents.
Ruth Wilson Gilmore's "Race, Prison, and War: Scenes from the History of US Violence" and her interview video recorded on youtube, discussing matters to do with "The Economy of Incarceration" further gives a great highlight on how mass incarceration, affects the living conditions and health of both the Brown and Black communities[ CITATION Gil20 \l 1033 ]. These actions tend to lead to several health disparities and are somehow limited to accessing optimal healthcare services[ CITATION Her1 \l 1033 ] in the United States of America.
Part 5
The healthcare system in the United States of America tends to greatly impact the living standards of the people in the US. An example is the poor who cannot meet the cost of medical health coverage, which is Medicaid[ CITATION Smi961 \l 1033 ]. From the data collected by the Health Insurance Organization and considering the number of people accessing medical health coverage in New York City, it was noted that around 47% of the entire population is under
Medicaid insurance coverage. Many people in New York cannot access medical health coverage. It would be very important that research is done on how the people living in poverty and miss complete insurance coverage manage to recover from their health problems with 100% complete medical coverage given by the healthcare system to give a good report on the disadvantages faced by the poor and provide policies and good payment plan to help reduce the challenges faced.
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References
George, Naomi, et al. "Past, present, and future of palliative care in emergency medicine in the USA." Acute medicine & surgery
7.1 (2020): e497.
Gilmore Ruth Wilson. “Race, Prison, and War: Scenes from the History of US Violence” in Abolition Geography, pp. 176-195. (2022) and
“The economy of incarceration (video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39Axc3FIu9A
)
Hernandez, Jesus. “Redlining Revisited: Mortgage Lending Patterns in Sacramento 1930–2004,”
pp. 291-313” (2009)
Smith, Neil. Chapters 2 & 3 in The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City, pp. 28-45. (1996)
Story, Brett. “Neighborhood Watch: Reform and Real Estate in Gentrifying Brooklyn” in Prison Land: Mapping Carceral Power across Neoliberal America. (2019)
Yabroff, K. Robin, et al. "Minimizing the burden of cancer in the United States: Goals for a high‐
performing health care system." CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
69.3 (2019): 166-
183.
41,704 ZIP Codes - U.S. Postal Facts: http://www.ciclt.net/sn/clt/capitolimpact/gw_ziplist.aspx?
zip=112
https://www.unitedstateszipcodes.org/10029/
https://zip-codes.cybo.com/united-states/upper-east-side/
Medicare in New York
https://www.healthinsurance.org/medicare/new-york/#:~:text=As%20of
%20late%202022%2C%20nearly,19%25%20of%20the%20state's%20population.