BME704 Lab3

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Toronto Metropolitan University *

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704

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Mechanical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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7

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BME704 | Radiation Therapy devices Lab3 Part A: Typical design of an ion chamber Problem A1) (10 points): Sketch a typical thimble type ion chamber clearly indicating the following clements: ion chamber wall, insulater, collecting-eleetrode, guard-eleetrede; cable, electrometer, high- voltage source, and electrical ground. Treat the electrometer as a “black box” at this point. We will investigate the circuit in part B. i Sketch: . PTCFE (poly-chlovo-tn- Huoro- efl\ylem) - i 5 Oouter elecivode (WQ\\) | P ¢ Graphite = B ok ~ " Induls = NS \ Qf cob\e Sularor Tm—T— 3 prle Centcat clechvode o | e - “Thimble caop | = centiol cllectiney electrede N res\shor \ON_Cocrent Inci clent rodiabon : \po\(h:\(_ Ancde + g‘:\p&m ' i ) L @ ! - V=//,r()/cf [ Elasiric <75 ‘;g\j e Souf@ freld c 3 '\4, T ¢ oeeccen e . B 1 R~ feedback resis\or tinteqaled e | Aarentsahon event waddl) (E——— ? G = feedbadt capacitar Cathode ¢ on ¢ ound Do N (\on (HAMBER OPEw Scanned with CamScanner
BME704 | Radiation Therapy devices Lab3 Problem A2) (3 points): Name typical materials for each component. o€ alumipum Problem A3) (2 points): Describe the function of the guard electrodes: ( O i e 2 . o \eching_elechrode). Ao ensures improved feld \m\’&y(m\\\/ e~ acive o _censitive Nalume, of r\r\a\nnber,\umx\fiv\% oc\van‘racjes ) ghar%g, collection. Problem A4) (2 points): What kind of cable would you use and why? Lwand vse o toxial calde (CNMEY vecause. theu axe C flows . e - G2 o carry exigemly small curcents genecated oy (cn Anaminers Wjeak s.\‘cha\ do%mc\a’c\'o‘n Scanned with CamScanner
BME704 | Radiation Therapy devices Lab3 Part B. Measurement of small currents Problem B1) (5 points): Compute the current produced in an ion chamber of sensitive volume of 0.6 cc for a typical dose rate (in air) of 500 cGy/min, Hint: convert first the dose rate in air to R/min and then use the numerical value for 1R to compute the current per cc of air, Density of air at STP = 0.001204 glem’ 500c@y/min =570.1 R/min = 510.\x . 66258 ¢ =, 14706 Q_/ /MV) ERE00 S = T i Vemd- ooi2ey srams i 'Lsmin @ . bomi- . 2 x -6 . = 7(;;:)(.0,,‘ =04 06x7-224x07 e /min = Ve 22 J = 10623077 /v =‘l-72‘1>40'73 ¥\077¢/min The measurement of these very small currents produced in the ion chamber pose a considerable challenge. current= 106 22x(67" < - 1.17x107° Amp 60 AR = VT TnRAmp Scanned with CamScanner
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BME704 | Radiation Therapy devices Lab3 Study the following circuit diagram for reading out the charge or the current from an ion chamber: o esistor «Jw., for (b) A for(@ \ || Copusitor \on Q chambec 7 T > JCi _— ey AL Vo\mgc s0UrTe P Pj -9 potentiomerter omplifier swiiches Problem B2) (3 points): Identify and label (in the graph) the various elements of the circuit and relate them to your sketch above. Problem B3) (2 points): Which parts of this circuit are on a high potential (i.e. approx. 300V)? Color them in red or indicate otherwise. Are the polarities the same in this circuit as compared to the polarities that you indicated in your sketch above? >peaifive teconwnal of valtoe serxce vat\\ \ne V\\OJL\(\ eatennal +hg_pgmnhes are Yre sawie va bhis circact b YO He e indicated Scanned with CamScanner
BME704 | Radiation Therapy devices Lab3 Problem B4) (2 points): Now change the design such that the chamber wall is on ground. Where would you place ground in order to this? Color all the elements that are on high potential now. Why is it desired to do this? you wonld place vt o the g A reference (g\gg\—\'\‘ca\\% connested to araund patentiol ) b is desived to da s because of Q(X(?\'\Il. Y ensurces ok fis_@_mme_mkgnhgk_m_&mmuahnaLfi_\xz&_m_c\Lm*flca\ hazard aperalacs q ~\‘mporfqn* when \'on\'l\'r'\cs rodiahon vevdved Problem B5) (1 points): Why is there a (small) voltage Pi between ground and the cable carrying the charge Q? {8 0.8 : ' { \e gy QME%&MWMM&E&MH@S/&&&% ' _ (eSS Y(’S,ccxkfs\ncj o ds o " odtenhial A Hevence Problem B6) (1 point): The triangular element of the circuit is an operational amplifier (op-amp). It has three terminals. In this configuration, the op-amp amplifies the voltage difference between the non- inverting input terminal (plus) and the inverting input terminal (minus). The voltage gain is G. Write down the equation of an ideal op-amp, relating the voltage PO to the voltages on the plus and the minus terminal P(+) and P(-), respectively. AR I~ A e Scanned with CamScanner
BME704 | Radiation Therapy devices Lab3 R-G (P - PC)) Problem B7) (1 point): Assume first a capacitor C in the circuit. In such a configuration the charge Q can be measured. How? Think first about where the charge Q travels if the switch S is open. CA AN eaSUE core & witen satfoin S (s apen eeouse [ow wihen S g opeq G. s 0ok alde o flon i cagacttor L—vcmme & shilin (on chamaec \avo\’mm acwees chamber directiy related to stared Q Problem B8) (1 point): How much charge is stored in the capacitor C? Write down the equation of the voltage P across the capacitor given its capacitance C, and a stored charge Q and solve for Q’. The prime in Q’ should indicate that not the enure charge Q indicated in the circuit diagram ends up in the capacitor. Q oY Q’: stovred Chexoe T C P c % 'S \ . capact favce 0F capacitar P-valtace ocrass aapacitor +i€ swikchh 15 ope, ; capacitor vs sdated Moo (\r\cxr%e Q. qoes %o/ | ed \n capacitor 1€ swiren (s closed, entire Qdoesnt end up In Copaattor ¢ amoun oF Q stoced depends on fna voltage aippited across it Problem B9) (1 point); What is the voltage across the capacitor in the circuit above? P-'/c Scanned with CamScanner
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BME704 | Radiation Therapy devices Lab3 Problem B10) (3 points): Now you have all the tools to solve the following problem. Compute the = =9 potential Py at the output for a charge Q from the ion chamber of Q=4-107°C given the following ‘specifications: G=10° C=10°F G=10""F Q/C ,L\'QX\O /IO 9 - i 8/pp & MO0 -HO P - G (Pe-Pei )= 10°(M 40 = 3600, ooo St (ox\O Problem B11) (1 point); What is the function of the switch S? The ho ! blem B12 int): If you want to measure the current from the ion chamber, the cap;citor C needs to be replaced by a resistor and the voltmeter for measuring P0 needs to be replaced by ammeter. Problem B13) (1 point): What design modifications of your ion chamber and/or read-out circuit can you do to increase the measured signal? AN imize | mber ; T ; \ calibredhan Scanned with CamScanner