BME704 Lab3
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Toronto Metropolitan University *
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Course
704
Subject
Mechanical Engineering
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
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7
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BME704
|
Radiation
Therapy
devices
Lab3
Part
A:
Typical
design
of
an
ion
chamber
Problem
A1)
(10
points):
Sketch
a
typical
thimble
type
ion
chamber
clearly
indicating
the
following
clements:
ion
chamber
wall,
insulater,
collecting-eleetrode,
guard-eleetrede;
cable,
electrometer,
high-
voltage
source,
and
electrical
ground.
Treat
the
electrometer
as
a
“black
box”
at
this
point.
We
will
investigate
the
circuit
in
part
B.
i
Sketch:
.
PTCFE
(poly-chlovo-tn-
Huoro-
efl\ylem)
-
i
5
Oouter
elecivode
(WQ\\)
|
P
¢
Graphite
=
B
ok
~
"
Induls
=
NS
\
Qf
cob\e
Sularor
Tm—T—
3
prle
Centcat
clechvode
o
|
e
-
“Thimble
caop
—
|
=
centiol
cllectiney
electrede
N
res\shor
\ON_Cocrent
Inci
clent
rodiabon
:
\po\(h:\(_
Ancde
+
g‘:\p&m
'
i
)
L
@
!
-
V=//,r()/cf
[
Elasiric
<75
‘;g\j
e
Souf@
freld
c
3
'\4,
T
¢
oeeccen
e
.
B
1
R~
feedback
resis\or
tinteqaled
e
|
Aarentsahon
event
waddl)
(E———
?
G
=
feedbadt
capacitar
Cathode
¢
on
¢
ound
Do
N
(\on
(HAMBER
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BME704
|
Radiation
Therapy
devices
Lab3
Problem
A2)
(3
points):
Name
typical
materials
for
each
component.
o€
alumipum
Problem
A3)
(2
points):
Describe
the
function
of
the
guard
electrodes:
(
O
i
e
2
.
o
\eching_elechrode).
Ao
ensures
improved
feld
\m\’&y(m\\\/
e~
acive
o
_censitive
Nalume,
of
r\r\a\nnber,\umx\fiv\%
oc\van‘racjes
)
ghar%g,
collection.
Problem
A4)
(2
points):
What
kind
of
cable
would
you
use
and
why?
Lwand
vse
o
toxial
calde
(CNMEY
vecause.
theu
axe
C
flows
.
e
-
G2
o
carry
exigemly
small
curcents
genecated
oy
(cn
Anaminers
Wjeak
s.\‘cha\
do%mc\a’c\'o‘n
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BME704
|
Radiation
Therapy
devices
Lab3
Part
B.
Measurement
of
small
currents
Problem
B1)
(5
points):
Compute
the
current
produced
in
an ion
chamber
of
sensitive
volume
of
0.6
cc
for
a
typical
dose
rate
(in
air)
of
500
cGy/min,
Hint:
convert
first
the
dose
rate
in
air
to
R/min
and
then
use
the
numerical
value
for
1R
to
compute
the
current
per
cc
of
air,
Density
of
air
at
STP
=
0.001204
glem’
500c@y/min
=570.1
R/min
=
510.\x
.
66258
¢
=,
14706
Q_/
/MV)
ERE00
S
=
T
i
Vemd-
ooi2ey
srams
i
'Lsmin
@
.
bomi-
.
2
x
-6
.
=
7(;;:)(.0,,‘
=04
06x7-224x07
e
/min
=
Ve
22
J
=
10623077
/v
=‘l-72‘1>40'73
¥\077¢/min
The
measurement
of
these
very small
currents
produced
in
the ion
chamber
pose
a
considerable
challenge.
current=
106
22x(67"
<
-
1.17x107°
Amp
60
AR
=
VT
TnRAmp
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BME704
|
Radiation
Therapy
devices
Lab3
Study
the
following
circuit
diagram
for
reading
out
the
charge
or
the
current
from
an
ion
chamber:
o
esistor
«Jw.,
for
(b)
A
for(@
\
||
Copusitor
\on
Q
chambec
7
T
>
JCi
_—
ey
AL
Vo\mgc
s0UrTe
P
Pj
-9
potentiomerter
omplifier
swiiches
Problem
B2)
(3
points):
Identify
and
label
(in
the
graph)
the
various
elements
of
the
circuit
and
relate
them
to
your
sketch
above.
Problem
B3)
(2
points):
Which
parts
of
this
circuit
are
on
a
high
potential
(i.e.
approx.
300V)?
Color
them
in
red
or
indicate
otherwise.
Are
the
polarities
the
same
in
this
circuit
as
compared
to
the
polarities
that
you
indicated
in
your
sketch
above?
>peaifive
teconwnal
of
valtoe
serxce
vat\\
\ne
V\\OJL\(\
eatennal
+hg_pgmnhes
are
Yre
sawie
va
bhis
circact
b
YO
He
e
indicated
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BME704
|
Radiation
Therapy
devices
Lab3
Problem
B4)
(2
points):
Now
change
the
design
such
that
the
chamber
wall
is
on
ground.
Where
would
you
place
ground
in
order
to
this?
Color
all
the
elements
that
are
on
high
potential
now.
Why
is
it
desired
to
do
this?
you
wonld
place
vt
o
the
g
A
reference
(g\gg\—\'\‘ca\\%
connested
to
araund
patentiol
)
b
is
desived
to
da
s
because
of
Q(X(?\'\Il.
Y
ensurces
ok
fis_@_mme_mkgnhgk_m_&mmuahnaLfi_\xz&_m_c\Lm*flca\
hazard
aperalacs
q
~\‘mporfqn*
when
\'on\'l\'r'\cs
rodiahon
vevdved
Problem
B5)
(1
points):
Why
is
there
a
(small)
voltage
Pi
between
ground
and
the
cable
carrying
the
charge
Q?
{8
0.8
:
'
{
\e
gy
QME%&MWMM&E&MH@S/&&&%
'
‘
_
(eSS
Y(’S,ccxkfs\ncj
o
ds
o
"
odtenhial
A
Hevence
Problem
B6)
(1
point):
The
triangular
element
of
the
circuit
is
an
operational
amplifier
(op-amp).
It
has
three
terminals.
In
this
configuration,
the
op-amp
amplifies
the
voltage
difference
between
the
non-
inverting
input
terminal
(plus)
and
the
inverting
input
terminal
(minus).
The
voltage
gain
is
G.
Write
down
the
equation
of
an
ideal
op-amp,
relating
the
voltage
PO
to
the
voltages
on
the
plus
and
the
minus
terminal
P(+)
and
P(-),
respectively.
AR
I~
A
e
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BME704
|
Radiation
Therapy
devices
Lab3
R-G
(P
-
PC))
Problem
B7)
(1
point):
Assume
first
a
capacitor
C
in
the circuit.
In
such
a
configuration
the
charge
Q
can
be
measured.
How?
Think
first
about
where
the
charge
Q
travels
if
the
switch
S
is
open.
CA
AN
eaSUE
core
&
witen
satfoin
S
(s
apen
eeouse
[ow
wihen
S
g
opeq
G.
s
0ok
alde
o
flon
i
cagacttor
L—vcmme
&
shilin
(on
chamaec
\avo\’mm
acwees
chamber
directiy
related
to
stared
Q
Problem
B8)
(1
point):
How
much
charge
is
stored
in
the
capacitor
C?
Write
down
the
equation
of
the
voltage
P
across
the
capacitor
given
its
capacitance
C,
and
a
stored
charge
Q
and
solve
for
Q’.
The
prime
in
Q’
should
indicate
that
not
the
enure
charge
Q
indicated
in
the
circuit
diagram
ends
up
in
the
capacitor.
Q
oY
Q’:
stovred
Chexoe
T
C
P
c
%
'S
\
.
capact
favce
0F
capacitar
P-valtace
ocrass
aapacitor
+i€
swikchh
15
ope,
;
capacitor
vs
sdated
Moo
(\r\cxr%e
Q.
qoes
%o/
|
ed
\n
capacitor
1€
swiren
(s
closed,
entire
Qdoesnt
end
up
In
Copaattor
¢
amoun
oF
Q
stoced
depends
on
fna
voltage
aippited
across
it
Problem
B9)
(1
point);
What
is
the
voltage
across
the
capacitor
in
the
circuit
above?
P-'/c
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BME704
|
Radiation
Therapy
devices
Lab3
Problem
B10)
(3
points):
Now
you
have
all
the
tools
to
solve
the
following
problem.
Compute
the
=
=9
potential
Py
at
the
output
for
a
charge
Q
from
the
ion
chamber
of
Q=4-107°C
given
the
following
‘specifications:
G=10°
C=10°F
G=10""F
Q/C
,L\'QX\O
/IO
9
-
i
8/pp
&
MO0
-HO
P
-
G
(Pe-Pei
)=
10°(M
40
=
3600,
ooo
St
(ox\O
Problem
B11)
(1
point);
What
is
the
function
of
the
switch
S?
The
ho
!
blem
B12
int):
If
you
want
to
measure
the
current
from
the
ion
chamber,
the
cap;citor
C
needs
to
be
replaced
by
a
resistor
and
the
voltmeter
for
measuring
P0
needs
to
be
replaced
by
ammeter.
Problem
B13)
(1
point):
What
design
modifications
of
your
ion
chamber
and/or
read-out
circuit
can
you
do
to
increase
the
measured
signal?
AN
‘
imize
|
mber
;
T
;
\
calibredhan
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