3-2 Assignment

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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SCI207

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Mechanical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Running head: 1 3-2: Adiabatic Processes Chylah M. True Southern New Hampshire University

2 3-2: Adiabatic Processes To start this short paper off, I want to reiterate the prompt. The prompt is asking that I trace a hypothetical parcel as it moves over a mountain. The mountain base is at sea level on both sides with a peak at 3,000 meters and the initial parcel conditions include a temperature of 10°C and a lifting condensation level (LCL) of 1,000 meters. To calculate the parcel temperatures at different levels, we need to consider the adiabatic lapse rates. The dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) is 10°C per 1,000 meters, and the saturated adiabatic lapse rate (SALR) is roughly 5°C per 1000 meters. On the windward side, at the base (0m), the initial temperature is 10°C. At 1,000 meters (LCL), the temperature decreases at the DALR, the calculations being 10°C-10°C=0°C. At the peak of the mountain (3,000m), the temperature decreases at the SALR, the calculations being 0°C-2(5°C) =-10°C. On the leeward side, at the peak (3,000m), it will remain the same temperature as the windward side which is -10°C. As the parcel descends to the LCL (1,000m), the temperature would increase to 0°C, with the calculations being -10+(10/1000) *1000=0°C. As the parcel descends back down to base, the temperature increases to roughly about 20°C, with the calculations being -10+(10/1000) *3000=20°C. As the parcel ascends on the windward side, it cools and condenses, leading to cloud formation and precipitation. The relative humidity (RH) increases to 100% at the LCL and remains high above this level. The parcel’s size remains constant, but it’s temperature (Ta) decreases. As the parcel descends on the leeward side, it warms and dries. The RH decreases as the temperature increases. The parcel’s size still remains constant, it’s temperature (Ta) just increases on this side. The temperatures are different at the same levels on each side of the mountain due to adiabatic processes. On the windward side, the parcel is cooling due to

3 expansion and rising, while on the leeward side, the parcel is warming due to compression and sinking.

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