MET 211 Lab report 9
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Purdue University *
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Mechanical Engineering
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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MET 21100 Memo Lab Report Grading Sheet
Expectations:
The complete draft lab report was read/reviewed by ALL group members. Suggestions and
corrections were considered, and incorporated where appropriate. The final version of the
complete lab report was then reviewed by ALL group members prior to submission.
Names :
Peter Catizone M,W,F 11:30-12:20
Nate Montanari M,W,F 11:30-12:20
Quinn Steinkamp M,W,F 11:30-12:20
Lab Date - 11/9/2023 Lab Div# - 211000-008
Format/Grammar/Spelling
6 points
Title Information
2 points
Executive Summary
10 points
Results
40 points
Conclusions
10 points
Data Sheet(s); references
2 points
Subtotal:
Attendance:
Total score:
To: Dr. Sunghwan Lee
From: Peter Catizone, Nate Montanari, and Quinn Steinkamp
Cc: Shuning Yin
Date: November, 16, 2023
Re: MET 211 Flexural Strain 4 Point Bending
Executive summary
This lab was completed as part of the MET 211 lab curriculum. This lab was also
completed to demonstrate the effect that different magnitudes of force have on a beam within a
bending test. The value that is to be collected from the lab is the strain affecting the beam in the
units of microstrain. To effectively complete the lab the group was given access to a UTM
machine, a four point bending fixture, P3500 strain indicator reading in micro strain, a steel rule,
dial calipers, six specimens of varying heights from 1.5 to 3.5 inches in .5 inch increments. To
complete this test the group was tasked with testing 2 of the given samples. To start the group
inserted the beam into the four point bending fixture. Then the wires from the strain gauges
located at the center of the beam were wired into the strain indicator. After that the group
increased the tension and set the pins at a set distance apart using a steel separator bar. Thena
after the specimen was set the data acquisition equipment could be zeroed. Once setup was
complete the test could begin. To complete the test the group incrementally increased the force
applied to the specimen in increments of 200 lbs until a force of 1400 lbs was reached, after each
200 lb increment was reached the strain data was recorded for later analysis. Once completed the
specimen was returned to the original position and switched out for another sample. Once all the
data was collected the group analyzed the results and found that as the height of the beam
increased the strain that it experienced decreased. So the taller the beam was the less strain it
received compared to beams of shorter height.
Results
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Beam Height (in)
Experimental Strain (
𝝻𝝴
)
Theoretical Strain (
𝝻𝝴
)
2.0
223.6
196.8
2.5
146.8
100.8
3.0
100.6
58.3
3.5
50.3
36.7
Theoretical
Experimental
% Difference
Slope, m
1576
1438.1
8.8%
Constant, c
-2
-2.564
28.2%
Sample Calculations:
M
Max
= V*D = (375 N)(3.5 m) = 1312.5 N/m
Theoretical:
𝝴
=
𝞼
/E = My/IE = [(1312.5)(2/2)]/[((1*2^3)/12)(1*10^7)] = 196.8
𝝻𝝴
Experimental:
𝝴
= m*P + b = 0.2968(750) + 1 = 223.6
𝝻𝝴
C
th
:
𝝴
th
= C
th
*h^-2 = C
th
= (196.8)(2^2) = 1576
Percent difference: ((t-e)/t)*100
,
= ((2.564-2)/2)*100 = 28.2 %
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Conclusion
In conclusion the experiments and data found within the lab showed the group the effects
geometry has on strain at varying loads. Through the testing using the four point bending fixture
within the UTM machine provided valuable insight into affects that force has on strain in a
bending scenario.
Within the lab manual there are questions proposed to help the lab group think deeper
about the experiments. The first question proposed was “How does the height of a beam affect
the strain (and therefore, stress)? Can you relate this to any geometric properties? If not why?”
The answer the lab group provided was that as the height of the beam increased the strain
experienced decreased. To answer part two they added that the geometrical properties of larger
beams being able to withstand more force applies. The more area there is resisting the force the
less strain it will feel. The second question that the lab manual proposed is “How well did the
strain gauges results agree with the theory of flexural strain?” To answer this the group looked
back at the experiments completed within the lab and compared the values received from the
p3500 strain indicator and the results calculated and found that they were within a reasonable
amount of difference. There are always factors that can affect the experimental data such as
differences in the metal improper setup and usage or bad equipment. So in conclusion the lab
group decided that the results somewhat agree if the tests were completed with more accurate
technology..
So in conclusion the group received good insight on how force applied and strain
experiences are affected by geometrical properties. Through the results of testing in the lab it
proved their theories that as the height of the beam increased the strain on the beam decreased.
Sources
Roach, Thelen;
MET 21100 Laboratory Manual
, Purdue University: West Lafayette, IN,
2023
Data Sheet
Week 10 - Flexural Strain - Data Sheet
Material:
6061-T6-Aluminum
E (psi):
10,000,000
Beam
Height
(in)
Data Points
2.0
Load,
F (lbs)
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Strain,
𝝻𝝴
62
119
177
237
300
359
415
2.5
Load,
F (lbs)
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Strain,
𝝻𝝴
38
76
114
161
195
237
276
3.0
Load,
F (lbs)
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Strain,
𝝻𝝴
28
55
80
107
132
160
189
4
Load,
F (lbs)
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Strain,
𝝻𝝴
13
27
40
54
67
81
93
Measure for calculations:
1.
Beam height (h)
2.
Beam width (b), W = 1 inch
3.
Distance between pins on the top of the fixture and bottom fixture
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