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California State University, Fullerton *

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Mechanical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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HOMEWORK 6: Chapter 8 1) How can you increase the pressure exerted by this book on a tabletop without increasing its weight? Pressure is defined as force exerted per unit area, so the pressure is increased if you reduce the area over which a force is applied. 8) Why is a dam constructed with a very broad base, as shown in Figure 8.28? The base of the dam must hold pressures exerted by the weight of all the water above the base. Since the pressure is greater at the base, the dam is broader at the base. 13) What are the effects of the Clean Air Act on the use of coal for electric generating plants? Check the Web. The effects of the Clean Air Act are to check the lead, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides, and particulates in the air. Problems: 271- 273 27) Calculate the pressure exerted on your finger if you hold up a 15 -lb box of apples. Pressure = Force/Area P = 15 lb/ (0.5 in *3 in) = 15/1.5 = 10 psi 28)What is the pressure exerted by your finger if you had hold back water leaking through a hold in a dike, as shown in Figure 8.29? 1 ft = 0.305 meters 10 ft = 3.048 meters G = 9.81 m/s^2 Lw = density of H2O = 1000 kg/m^3 Pressure = Lw x g x h = 1000 x 9.81 x 0.3048 Pressure exerted by finger = 2990 Pa = 0.43366 Psi Pressure exerted by finger = 0.43366 Psi 33) A 1000 – Mwe plant uses coal with 3% sulfur content. How many tons of SO2 will be emitted into the air during the operation of the plant for a day? (Use the list of conversions and equivalences located on the inside back cover.) 1000/ 0.3 = 30 30 x 2 = 60 tons of SO2
HOMEWORK 7: Chapter 9 (303 – 304) #1 Why does deforestation contribute to global warming? Deforestation contributes to global warming because trees store carbon and release it back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide when they are chopped down. #13 How much CO2 is produced by driving 100 miles, drying a load of clothes, and watching five hours of television? (See Tables 9.4 and 10.2) Driving 100 miles = CO2 released per gallon fuel x Total fuel = CO2 released per gallon fuel x Fuel Consumed per mile x Total distance = 20 lbs/ gal x 1/20 gal/ miles x 100 miles = 100 lbs Drying a load of clothes = CO2 released per kWh x Total Power = CO2 released per kWh x Fuel Consumed per hour x Total time = 2 lbs/ kWh x 5 kwH x ½ hrs = 5lbs Watching 5 hrs of tv = CO2 released per kWh x Total = 2 lbs/ kWh x 0.15 kWh x 5 hrs = 1.5 lbs #20 If the temperature of the water leaving the condenser in a stream turbine cycle were raised from 20*C to 30*C, what would be the decrease in the Carnot efficiency? Assume a steam temperature of 500*C. (See Chapter 4) Initial temperature of the condenser, Ti = 20*C = 293 K New temperature of the condenser. Tn = 30*C =303K Temperature of the steam, TH = 500*C = 773K Initial Carnot efficiency: Ni = 1 – 293/773 Ni = 0.6210 Ni = 1 – 0.3790 Ni = 62.10% New Carnot efficiency: Nn = 1 – 303/773 Nn = 0.6080 Nn = 1 – 0.3920 Nn = 60.80% N = Ni – Nn N = 62.10 – 60,80 = 1.3%
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