CE335_PRM_LAB5

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Dec 6, 2023

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Lab 5 Tensile Test Peter Martin 10/7/2022 CE 335 – 01
Synopsis: In the performance of this lab, the goal is to get familiar with the performance of the steel in the plastic region. It will be a test of four different materials including Steel 1010, Steel 1050, Acrylic, and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Like previous experiments, this will be tested using the MTS machine. The Extensometer and DIC will utilized as tools for the strain measurements. There will then be a series of curves and relationships shown between true stress-strain, and engineering stress-strain. Based on the experimental data, the yield point and region, Young’s Modulus, tensile strength, failure point, and toughness of material will be acquired. Introduction: In each kind of steel there is a different carbon content, and this is what can be taken from the data to decide which material is which. The behavior of each material under the loaded conditions is split into two different types, elastic and plastic. From this experiment, I will be able to distinguish these different behaviors from the tensile test. The elastic region is in the range of linear relations between the stress and strain until the value arrives at the yield point which is then where the plastic region begins. When a specimen is described as elastic, this means that it can go back to its original state after unloading. When the material is unloaded, the strain goes to zero when the stress is released. For the plastic region, this means that once the material is loaded pass the yield point, it cannot go back to its original configuration meaning a non-zero strain after unloading.
Figure 1: Low vs. High Carbon Content In this experiment and in general, there will be two types of stress-strain curves as stated above. The true stress and true strain are calculated based on the instantaneous configuration, but the engineering stress and strain are calculated from the original configuration. In addition, from these curves, other values and relationships can be shown like the toughness chart. Objectives: The objectives of this experiment are to generate the stress vs. strain curves until failure and to understand the behavior of steel and other materials in the plastic region. The behavior is dependent on the composition of the material. Experimental Procedure: The tensile test is consisted of two parts. Firstly, we used the extensometer to measure the deformation and using the Digital Image Correlation to obtain the deformation. Four different
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specimens are tested as described previously with the two different steel samples marked blue and gold, and the others are plastics labeled black and white. For each test, we obtained the relationship between the force and displacement with the displacement coming from the extensometer. Before and after each trial, we measured the length and width of each specimen needed for the engineering and true stress-strain calculations. Once the physical data is found, it can be used for analysis and plotting to find relationships. Results: Plot 1: Acrylic Engineering Stress vs. Strain
Plot 2: PVC Engineering Stress vs. Strain Plot 3: 1018 Steel Engineering Stress vs. Strain
Plot 4: 1050 Steel Engineering Stress vs. Strain Plot 5: 1050 Steel Engineering Stress vs. Strain till Yield with the shown Elasticity Modulus as the slope of the trendline
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Plot 6: 1018 Steel Engineering Stress vs. Strain till Yield with the shown Elasticity Modulus as the slope of the trendline Plot 7: PVC Engineering Stress vs. Strain till Yield with the shown Elasticity Modulus as the slope of the trendline
Plot 8: Acrylic Engineering Stress vs. Strain till Yield with the shown Elasticity Modulus as the slope of the trendline Plot 9: 1050 Steel True Stress vs. Strain till failure
Plot 10: 1018 Steel True Stress vs. Strain till failure Plot 11: Load vs Displacement for all 4 specimens Discussion: It is clear in the many above plots that the relationship between stress and strain is a positive one as the load and stress increases as does the strain. There is a seen difference visually in the graphs between the blue and gold samples because there yield points and failure loads
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were slightly different with different shapes and slopes. This difference represents the difference in carbon content and its ability to withstand a certain load. The steel samples were seen to have a very large elasticity of modulus values when looking at the slope of the linear trendline. In addition, the steels also had the highest toughness in comparison to the plastic samples. The higher the carbon content of the material, the tougher it will be with a higher tensile strength and elastic modulus. When looking at the plastic region and calculating the engineering stress and strain you can infer that is needs to be found differently. This is because it often starts to decrease in value, so this must take into consideration to give an accurate graph and relationship representation. The engineering stress and strain are both greater than the true stress and strain seen in the plots. Conclusion: In conclusion, this experiment was very successful. We were able to find the representation of the true and engineering values of stress and strain. We saw how these numbers affect the material properties and were able to calculate those numerical properties. There were some errors in the lab with data collection accuracy and machine reading accuracy but with what we were working with were able to get the point of the lab across in the end.