CE335_PRM_LAB5
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Purdue University *
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Dec 6, 2023
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Lab 5 Tensile Test Peter Martin 10/7/2022 CE 335 – 01
Synopsis: In the performance of this lab, the goal is to get familiar with the performance of the steel in the plastic region. It will be a test of four different materials including Steel 1010, Steel 1050, Acrylic, and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Like previous experiments, this will be tested using the MTS machine. The Extensometer and DIC will utilized as tools for the strain measurements. There will then be a series of curves and relationships shown between true stress-strain, and engineering stress-strain. Based on the experimental data, the yield point and region, Young’s Modulus, tensile strength, failure point, and toughness of material will be acquired. Introduction: In each kind of steel there is a different carbon content, and this is what can be taken from the data to decide which material is which. The behavior of each material under the loaded conditions is split into two different types, elastic and plastic. From this experiment, I will be able to distinguish these different behaviors from the tensile test. The elastic region is in the range of linear relations between the stress and strain until the value arrives at the yield point which is then where the plastic region begins. When a specimen is described as elastic, this means that it can go back to its original state after unloading. When the material is unloaded, the strain goes to zero when the stress is released. For the plastic region, this means that once the material is loaded pass the yield point, it cannot go back to its original configuration meaning a non-zero strain after unloading.
Figure 1: Low vs. High Carbon Content In this experiment and in general, there will be two types of stress-strain curves as stated above. The true stress and true strain are calculated based on the instantaneous configuration, but the engineering stress and strain are calculated from the original configuration. In addition, from these curves, other values and relationships can be shown like the toughness chart. Objectives: The objectives of this experiment are to generate the stress vs. strain curves until failure and to understand the behavior of steel and other materials in the plastic region. The behavior is dependent on the composition of the material. Experimental Procedure: The tensile test is consisted of two parts. Firstly, we used the extensometer to measure the deformation and using the Digital Image Correlation to obtain the deformation. Four different
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specimens are tested as described previously with the two different steel samples marked blue and gold, and the others are plastics labeled black and white. For each test, we obtained the relationship between the force and displacement with the displacement coming from the extensometer. Before and after each trial, we measured the length and width of each specimen needed for the engineering and true stress-strain calculations. Once the physical data is found, it can be used for analysis and plotting to find relationships. Results: Plot 1: Acrylic Engineering Stress vs. Strain
Plot 2: PVC Engineering Stress vs. Strain Plot 3: 1018 Steel Engineering Stress vs. Strain
Plot 4: 1050 Steel Engineering Stress vs. Strain Plot 5: 1050 Steel Engineering Stress vs. Strain till Yield with the shown Elasticity Modulus as the slope of the trendline
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Plot 6: 1018 Steel Engineering Stress vs. Strain till Yield with the shown Elasticity Modulus as the slope of the trendline Plot 7: PVC Engineering Stress vs. Strain till Yield with the shown Elasticity Modulus as the slope of the trendline
Plot 8: Acrylic Engineering Stress vs. Strain till Yield with the shown Elasticity Modulus as the slope of the trendline Plot 9: 1050 Steel True Stress vs. Strain till failure
Plot 10: 1018 Steel True Stress vs. Strain till failure Plot 11: Load vs Displacement for all 4 specimens Discussion: It is clear in the many above plots that the relationship between stress and strain is a positive one as the load and stress increases as does the strain. There is a seen difference visually in the graphs between the blue and gold samples because there yield points and failure loads
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were slightly different with different shapes and slopes. This difference represents the difference in carbon content and its ability to withstand a certain load. The steel samples were seen to have a very large elasticity of modulus values when looking at the slope of the linear trendline. In addition, the steels also had the highest toughness in comparison to the plastic samples. The higher the carbon content of the material, the tougher it will be with a higher tensile strength and elastic modulus. When looking at the plastic region and calculating the engineering stress and strain you can infer that is needs to be found differently. This is because it often starts to decrease in value, so this must take into consideration to give an accurate graph and relationship representation. The engineering stress and strain are both greater than the true stress and strain seen in the plots. Conclusion: In conclusion, this experiment was very successful. We were able to find the representation of the true and engineering values of stress and strain. We saw how these numbers affect the material properties and were able to calculate those numerical properties. There were some errors in the lab with data collection accuracy and machine reading accuracy but with what we were working with were able to get the point of the lab across in the end.
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Related Questions
Figure 1 shows the tensile testing results for different materials. All specimens have an initial
diameter of 12 mm and an initial gauge length of 50 mm.
300
250
Low carbon steel
Network polymer
200
Crystalline polymer
150
Amorphous polymer
100
50
5
10
15
20
25
30
Strain (%)
Figure 1: Stress-strain curve
b. Determine the following parameters for each material:
• the tensile strength
the 0.2% offset yield strength
the modulus of elasticity
• the ductility
Stress (MPa)
LO
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Viscosity (Pa-s)
400
1016
1014
1012
1010
108
105
104
10²
1
200
800
Borosilicate
glass
Temperature (°F)
1200 1600 2000
96% silica
glass
Working range
Melting point
400 600
Fused
silica
2400 2800 3:200
Strain point
Annealing point
Softening point
Working point
Soda-lime glass
1018
1016
1014
1012
1010
108
106
104
10²
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Temperature (°C)
Viscosity (P)
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You have been given the following test sample data following mechanical testing of 15
test pieces of Silicon Nitride.
What is the Weibull modulus of this material?
Would you advise the use of a similar material with a Weibull Modulus of 16.3 and a
mean failure stress of 485 MPa, if you anticipate that the peak stress on the material
could be 430 MPa?
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Select one or more:
O a. No
O b. 18.6
O C.
13.4
O d. Yes
O e. 15.7
f. 17.1
Failure Stress (MPa)
423
459
496
432
447
467
473
499
485
479
505
530
526
490
510
<
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Don’t use ai pls
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Review
Data taken from a stress-strain test for a ceramic are
given in the table. The curve is linear between the origin
and the first point.
No elements selected
a(ksi)
50 +
40 -
30
Figure
1 of 1
20
10 +
o (ksi)
€ (in./in.)
ex 10(in./in.)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
33.2
0.0006
45.5
0.0010
Press (ENTER) to select this element. Press ESC) to return to the main menu. Press CTRL+Q) to quit the application.
49.4
0.0014
51.5
0.0018
53.4
0.0022
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You have been given the following test sample data following mechanical testing of 15
test pieces of a modified Alumina.
What is the Weibull modulus of this material?
Would you advise the use of this material over one with a Weibull Modulus of 19.6 and a
mean failure stress of 270 MPa, if you anticipate that the peak stress on the material
could be 255 MPa?
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Select one or more:
a. 185
b. No
Yes
□d. 49
□e. 28.6
3.7
Failure Stress (MPa)
297
293
270
300
g. 22.8
260
296
265
295
280
288
263
290
298
275
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UzNDU3NTYyMjk0/a/MjYOMzAwMjMOOTM5/details
Further questions
4.The graphs show how the extension changes with stretching force for four different materials.
a. Which two graphs show materials that follow Hooke's law?
A
B
b. Which two graphs show materials that become less stiff as
they are stretched?
force
force
D
C. Which graph shows a material that maintains the same
stiffness throughout?
force
force
1. A force of 20N stretches a spring by 0.5m. The spring obeys Hooke's law.
a. Calculate the spring constant including a suitable unit.
b. How much force must a man use to stretch it by 1.5m?
5. A car has a weight of 240OON which is distributed equally over all four wheels. Each wheel has a spring of
spring constant 400N/cm.
a.
Determine the force through the spring on each wheel.
b. Calculate the compression of each spring when the car rests on the ground.
6.In a spring experiment the results were as follows:
Force (N)
Length (mpm
1
2
4
6.
7
50
58
70
74
82
9n
102
125
LELL
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Flag question
You have been given the following test sample data following mechanical testing of 15 test pieces of a modified Alumina.
What is the Weibull modulus of this material?
Would you advise the use of this material over one with a Weibull Modulus of 19.6 and a mean failure stress of 270 MPa, if you
anticipate that the peak stress on the material could be 255 MPa?
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Select one or more:
Failure Stress (MPa)
297
293
270
300
260
286
265
295
4
293
280
288
263
290
298
275
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For my assigment, I was asked to design a electric motorbike that has a peformance equal to Honda CBR1000 Fireblade which has a petrol engine. A part of the the assignment is to calculate " An estimate of maximum Power your new motor will need to generate to match the Honda’s performance." I can make the assumption, apart from changing the motor, everything else is going to stay the same so the fairing,the rider and etc they're gonna be the same for the two bikes. So can you please tell me how I can calculate that which information would I need ?
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Test Specimen
4140 CF steel
6061 T6 Al
Gray Cast iron 40
FC Brass 360
Impact Energy (J or ft-lb)
48.5 ft-lb
25 ft-lb
12 ft-lb
27 ft-lb
Impact Strength (J/m
or ft-lb/in)
123.096 ft-lb/in
63.452 ft-lb/in
What is the final analysis/ overall observation from the data?
30.457 ft-lb/in
68.528 ft-lb/in
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Question 8. The following figure represents three hardness-testing techniques of materials.
Describe their specifications, how there are conducted and their potential applications?
8 -
Shape of Indentation
Test
Indenter
Side View
Top View
Load
Brinell
10-mm sphere
P
of steel or
tungsten carbide
Vickers
Diamond
136°
microhardness
ругamid
Rockwell and
60 kg)
100 kg } Rockwell
150 kg)
Diamond
120°
superficial
cone:
s - in.-
diameter
Rockwell
15 kg
30 kg } Superficial Rockwell
45 kg)
steel spheres
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Results:
material
iron
brass
aluminum
copper
NH
VINI
Discussion:
vickers hardnes test
Load(kg)
50
50
30
30
Diameter of
trace
d1 d2
0.58 0.65
0.68
0.74
0.94 0.86
0.72 0.76
d1+d2
2
VHN
Kg/mm²
1- Calculate the Vickers hardness number for the previous samples and
compare the results and discuss them according to the table.
2- Draw a graphic relationship between the diameter of the trace and the
hardness of Vickers.
3- What is the condition for using the Vickers hardness device?
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Select All the correct statements from below.
a. If the averaged distance between partial dislocations for material A observed under TEM is smaller than material B, the estimated stacking fault energy of material A is lower than material B.
b. K_IC is a material property that doesn't change with testing conditions
c. The main difference between high cycle fatigue and low cycle fatigue is the difference in the number of cycles to failure
d. A negative R value in fatigue test indicate the minimum stress is compressive in nature
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Mild steel 1
Young;s modulus 1219.5
Yield strain and stress (0.4101,500.08)
Failure stress and strain :not able to find because the given data shows the experiment did not reach the failure point.
if the material stress and strain does not reach a failure point ,what dose it means , does it means that the material is more stronger?
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- Figure 1 shows the tensile testing results for different materials. All specimens have an initial diameter of 12 mm and an initial gauge length of 50 mm. 300 250 Low carbon steel Network polymer 200 Crystalline polymer 150 Amorphous polymer 100 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 Strain (%) Figure 1: Stress-strain curve b. Determine the following parameters for each material: • the tensile strength the 0.2% offset yield strength the modulus of elasticity • the ductility Stress (MPa) LOarrow_forwardViscosity (Pa-s) 400 1016 1014 1012 1010 108 105 104 10² 1 200 800 Borosilicate glass Temperature (°F) 1200 1600 2000 96% silica glass Working range Melting point 400 600 Fused silica 2400 2800 3:200 Strain point Annealing point Softening point Working point Soda-lime glass 1018 1016 1014 1012 1010 108 106 104 10² 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Temperature (°C) Viscosity (P)arrow_forwardYou have been given the following test sample data following mechanical testing of 15 test pieces of Silicon Nitride. What is the Weibull modulus of this material? Would you advise the use of a similar material with a Weibull Modulus of 16.3 and a mean failure stress of 485 MPa, if you anticipate that the peak stress on the material could be 430 MPa? Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Select one or more: O a. No O b. 18.6 O C. 13.4 O d. Yes O e. 15.7 f. 17.1 Failure Stress (MPa) 423 459 496 432 447 467 473 499 485 479 505 530 526 490 510 <arrow_forward
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