Lab 9 REPORT (Mechanical Waves)
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PHY 101 | Mechanical Waves | Lab Report
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Introduction
Pre-Laboratory Questions
1.
What is the relationship between wavelength, period, and speed of a
wave?
2.
How would you identify a traveling wave to be a transverse wave or a
longitudinal wave? Is a sound wave a transverse wave or longitudinal
wave?
3. Humans can hear sounds waves with frequencies between 20 and
20,000 Hz. At the lowest frequency humans can hear, it was observed
that the sound wavelength was 17 meters. Calculate the speed of the
sound.
4.
What is the principle of superposition of waves?
5.
What is resonance? Give an example of resonance
Part 1: Traveling Waves
1)
Find an open space in the room. Place the slinky on the floor. Have two
members of your group hold the two ends of slinky and stretch it out
straight. [Note: Do not over-stretch the slinky! Be careful not to bend or
deform the shape in any way throughout the procedure].
2)
Have someone hold one end tight and fixed. The other person will give
a quick shake perpendicular to the axis of the slinky. Observe the wave
produced. What kind of wave is this: transverse or longitudinal? Record
your answer.
Transverse wave. The wave shrinks down at the end where the person is
holding it still.
3)
Stop the vibration of the slinky. Now, at the same time, have two group
members give a quick shake to the slinky at both ends. Both people
should shake the slinky in the same direction (i.e., the amplitude of the
two waves should be pointing in the same direction) and with about
the same amount of force. Observe the waves sent down from each
end of the slinky. What happens to the amplitude of the oscillation
when the two waves encounter each other? Record your observation.
The oscillation of the slinky gets much larger when the slinky is slunk in the
same direction and each wave meets. (amplitude increases)
4)
Stop the vibration of the slinky. At the same time, have both people
give a quick shake to the slinky at the same time, but in opposite
direction (i.e., the initial amplitudes are in opposite directions).
Observe the waves sent down from each end of the slinky. What
happens to the amplitude of the oscillation when two waves encounter
each other? Record your observation.
When shaken in opposite directions, the two waves that meet in the middle
“cancel” each other out, and the waves do not continue the same (amplitude
decreases) after they meet this way.
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5)
Stop the vibration of the slinky. Have two people hold the two ends of
the slinky. One person should hold their end fixed. The other should
pinch some of the slinky coils together and then quickly release them
(you may even give it a quick push forward as you release the coils).
Observe the wave produced. What kind of wave is this: transverse or
longitudinal? Record your answer.
This wave is longitudinal ….
6)
Stop the vibration of the slinky. Two people should hold the two ends of
the slinky. This time, each of them should pinch some of the slinky coils
together and then quickly release them
at the same time
. What
happens to the amplitude of the oscillation when the two waves
encounter each other? Record your observation.
The amplitude of the oscillation seems to decrease when the two waves
encounter each other, they do not continue to the opposite end after the
oscillations meet.
7)
What is this kind of
interaction
did you observe in steps 3, 4, and 6?
Record your answer.
Constructive/Destructive interference (Superimposition principle) ……
Part 2 - Speed of sound
Data Table
Frequenc
y
1
st
resonance
location
(meters)
2
nd
resonance
location
(meters)
3
rd
resonance
location
(meters)
4
th
resonance
location
(meters)
1024 Hz
0.072
0.240
0.400
0.573
256 Hz
0.260
0.904
Calculation 1
Frequenc
y
Distance
between 1
st
and 2
nd
resonance
(meters)
Distance
between 2
nd
and 3
rd
resonance
(meters)
Distance
between 3
rd
and 4
th
resonance
(meters)
Average
distance
(meters)
1024 Hz
0.168
0.160
0.173
0.167
256 Hz
0.644
Calculation 2
Frequency
Wavelength of
sound*
(meters)
Speed of sound
(m/s)
% Error
1024 Hz
0.334
342.1
0.618
256 Hz
1.288
329.7
3.03
*REMEMBER: The wavelength is equal to the distance between the resonance
conditions (i.e., the distance between the nodes) multiplied by 2. The
average distance from Calculation 1 is only half of the wavelength.
v
s
=
λf
f
= frequency of tuning fork in Hz
λ
= wavelength of sound in meters
v
s
= velocity of sound in m/s
%
Error
=
|
Calculated v
s
−
340
m
s
340
m
s
|
∗
100%
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Questions:
1)
From your observation, which one produces higher pitch sound, the
1024Hz tuning fork or the 256 Hz tuning fork?
2)
From your data, which sound wave has the longer wavelength, the
sound wave generated by 1024 Hz tuning fork, or the sound wave
generated by 256 Hz tuning fork? Explain why.
3)
By blowing across the top of an empty bottle, a relatively loud sound
can be created because a standing wave occurs in the bottle. Explain
why the pitch of the sound becomes higher when the bottle is partially
filled with water.
Conclusion
Lab 9: Mechanical Waves | Grading Rubric
Requirement
Points
Assigne
d
Point
s
Earne
d
Introduction (3-5 Sentences)
5
Pre-Lab (5 Questions)
20
(4 each)
Part 1: Questions
20
(4 each)
Part 2: Data Table
10
Part 2: Calculation 1
10
Part 2: Calculation 2
10
Part 2: Questions
15
(5 each)
Conclusion (4-6 Sentences)
5
Participation
5
TOTAL:
100
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