Mineral_Properties_Table

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Minerals and Their Properties Luster Color/Clarity Streak Hardness Cleavage Specific Gravity Other Properties Mineral Name Metallic Silver-gray/opaque Gray 2.5 Three at 90° 7.4 7.6 Very heavy Galena PbS Metallic to Dull Brown-black, yellow- black/opaque Yellowish- brown 5 One (perfect) 4.3 Prismatic with striations, often radially grouped. Botryoidal masses Goethite FeOOH Metallic Silver-gray to black/opaque Dark gray 1 One (excellent) 2.0 2.3 Very soft with a greasy feel Graphite C Metallic to Dull Silver-gray, black, or red/opaque Red-brown 1.5 6.0 Uneven fracture 4.9 5.3 Two main varieties: 1. earthy, soft, red 2. metallic, gray, hard Hematite Fe 2 O 3 Metallic to Dull Silver-gray to black/opaque Dark gray 6.0 Uneven fracture 5.0 5.2 Attracted to a magnet Magnetite Fe 3 O 4 Metallic Brassy yellow/opaque Dark gray 6.0 6.5 Uneven fracture 4.9 5.2 Often forms cubes or octahedrons. Pyrite FeS 2 Adamantine or Greasy Colorless, yellow, pink, brown/ transparent to opaque None 10 Four (perfect) 3.5 Hardest natural substance known Diamond C Greasy or Dull Green/transparent to translucent White 2.0 2.5 One (excellent) 2.6 3.0 Splits easily into thin sheets Chlorite Ferromagnesian aluminum silicate Greasy to Silky Colorless, white, brown, gray/ transparent to translucent White 6.5 7.5 Two not at 90° 3.2 Usually fibrous in wavy bundles Sillimanite Al 2 (SiO 4 )O Pearly or Greasy White, gray, pale green, or brown/opaque White 1.0 Absent in hand samples (One excellent) 2.7 2.8 Feels soapy Talc Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 Dull/Earthy White to light brown/opaque White 1.0 2.0 Absent in hand samples (One excellent) 2.6 Forms earthy, microcrystalline masses Kaolinite Al 4 (Si 4 O 10 )(OH) 8 Dull/Earthy Bright yellow/opaque Yellow 1.5 2.5 Poor cleavage 2.1 Smells of rotten eggs Sulfur S
Luster Color/Clarity Streak Hardness Cleavage Specific Gravity Other Properties Mineral Name Vitreous to Dull Dark green to black/opaque White to pale gray 5.5 Two not at 90° 3.0 3.3 Forms prisms or splintery forms Amphibole Complex Silicate Vitreous Green, brown, blue, white, purple/transparent to opaque White 5.0 Conchoidal fracture 3.1 3.4 Forms hexagonal prisms Apatite Ca 5 F(PO 4 ) 3 Vitreous Black, green-black, brown- black/translucent Gray-brown 2.5 3.0 One (excellent) 2.7 3.1 Breaks easily into thin sheets Biotite (Mg,Fe) 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH) 2 Vitreous to Iridescent Colorless, white, yellow, brown, pink/transparent to translucent White 3.0 Three not at 90° 2.7 Effervesces in acid Calcite CaCO 3 Vitreous Gray, blue, red, brown/opaque to transparent White 9.0 Uneven fracture 3.9 4.1 Very hard (will scratch quartz) Corundum Al 2 O 3 Vitreous to Waxy White, gray, tan, pink/opaque White 3.5 4.0 Three not at 90° 2.8 Effervesces in acid only when powdered Dolomite CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 Vitreous Colorless, yellow, green, blue, pink, purple/transparent to translucent White 4.0 Four (excellent) 3.0 3.3 Fluorescent when exposed to ultraviolet light Fluorite CaF 2 Vitreous Red, black, brown/opaque to translucent White 7.0 Uneven fracture 3.5 4.3 Forms dodecahedrons Garnet Complex Silicate Vitreous to Silky Colorless, white, gray/transparent to translucent White 2.0 One (excellent) 2.3 Forms tabular crystals, prisms, blades, or needles Gypsum CaSO 4 •2H 2 O Vitreous Colorless, white, yellow, brown/transparent to translucent White 2.5 Three at 90° 2.1 2.6 Tastes salty Halite NaCl Vitreous Blue, white, green gray/transparent to translucent White 5.5 7.0 Two not at 90° 3.5 3.7 Forms elongated prisms Kyanite Al 2 (SiO 4 )O
Luster Color/Clarity Streak Hardness Cleavage Specific Gravity Other Properties Mineral Name Vitreous Colorless, yellow, brown/transparent to translucent White 2.0 2.5 One (excellent) 2.7 3.0 Breaks easily into thin sheets Muscovite Al 2 (AlSi 3 )O 10 (OH) 2 Vitreous Green, yellow, brown/opaque to translucent White 7.0 Conchoidal fracture 3.3 3.4 Forms short crystals that resemble sand grains Olivine (Fe,Mg) 2 SiO 4 Vitreous to Pearly Colorless, white, gray/opaque White 6.0 Two at 90° 2.6 2.8 May be iridescent; shows fine, parallel striations Plagioclase Feldspar (Na,Ca)AlSi 3 O 8 Vitreous White, pink, orange, brown/opaque White 6.0 Two at 90° 2.5 2.6 Commonly elongate with a tabular appearance Potassium Feldspar KAlSi 3 O 8 Vitreous to Dull Green to black/opaque White to pale gray 5.5 6.0 Two at 90° 3.2 3.5 Forms short, eight-sided prisms Pyroxene Complex Silicate Vitreous Brown, red-brown/ translucent White to pale gray 7.0 7.5 Conchoidal fracture 3.7 3.8 Commonly forms twins shaped like crosses Staurolite Fe 2 Al 9 Si 4 O 23 (OH) Vitreous to Greasy Colorless, white. May occur in all colors/transparent to translucent White 7.0 Conchoidal fracture 2.7 Forms hexagonal prisms and pyramids, or crystalline masses Quartz SiO 2
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