Sociology notes 4

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Oct 30, 2023

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Mechanical Solidarity VS Organic Solidarity Mechanical solidarity: the type of social bonds present in premodern, agrarian societies, in which shared traditions and beliefs created a sense of social cohesion -Durkheim suggested that people in simple agricultural society were bound together by mechanical solidarity Organic Solidarity: the type of social bonds present in modern societies, based on differences, interdependence, and individual rights -Durkheim believed industrial societies were bound by organic solidarity Anomie Anomie: “normlessness”; term used to describe the alienation and loss of purpose that result from weaker social bonds and an increased pace of change -In Durkheim’s study, “Suicide” (1897), he theorized that suicide is a result of a lack of connection to the social world (anomie) Durkheim’s Contributions to Sociology -Durkheim’s attempt to establish sociology as an important, independent academic discipline was enormously successful -made significant contributions to the literature, and also demonstrated the effectiveness of using scientific, empirical methods to study “social reality” Empirical: based on scientific extermination or observation Principles of Functionalism 1. Society is conceived as a stable, ordered system made up of interrelated parts or structures structure: a social institution that is relatively stable over time and that meets the needs of a society by performing functions necessary to maintain social order and stability 2. Each structure has a function that contributes to the continued stability or equilibrium of the unified whole Dysfunction: a disturbance to or undesirable consequence of some aspect of the social system -any dysfunction in a structure leads to change and a new equilibrium Offshoots of Functionalism Talcott Parsons: applied functionalism to modern society specifying some of the functions that social structures might fulfill in contemporary life -
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