STUDY GUIDE

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School

California State University, Northridge *

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345

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Mechanical Engineering

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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pdf

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22

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STUDY GUIDE QUIZ QUESTIONS QUIZ 1 True or False? Speed reps (performing a resistance exercise as fast as you can) is the best way to increase explosive movement capability. - False Which variable is most important in increasing her gait velocity? - Stride length and stride rate are equally important. A, B, or C? Which one has the greatest average acceleration? - A is greater than B True or False? The acceleration is negative if you are slowing down in the negative direction. - False For the scenario depicted below, what is the direction of the acceleration vector that goes inside the process box? Ansewer: ß For the scenario depicted below, what is the direction of the displacement vector? Answer: à What is the time rate of change of acceleration? - Jerk A, B, or C? Which one had a greatest displacement?
- A is greater than B A, B , or C? Which one has the larger acceleration? - B is larger than A Quiz 2 What is the most important variable that determines the range of his jump? - velocity at take-off What is the direction of the resultant velocity? - -45 degrees from the positive x- axis What is the magnitude of the resultant? (above diagram) - Greater than 20 m/sec What is the most important variable in determining the range of his jump? - Radius and angular velocity of his wheels are EQUALLY important. The bat rotates in a counterclockwise direction from A to B. Which of the following is the correct vector for the angular displacement? ANSWER: ß
The bat rotates counterclockwise from A to B. Which of the following is the correct vector for the angular velocity? ( above) - ß A, B, or C? Which has the greater average angular acceleration from 0 to 0.5 seconds? Answer : A is greater than B A, B, or C? Which has the largest angular displacement from 0 to 0.5 seconds? - A is greater than B True or False? Curve "B" started with zero velocity and ended with zero angular velocity. - True Quiz 3 A braking force is always negative and leads to a decrease in velocity. - False Which has the greater force due to friction? A is greater than B. Which has the larger change in momentum in the x- direction?
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- A and B are equal. Which variable should be maximized to minimize the risk of injury? - Change in Lme True or False? This question applies to walking gait: If the foot is in front of the center of mass, then the horizontal ground reaction force will always produce a braking impulse. - True Which of the following statements is true for the scenario depicted below? - The "x" component is larger than the "y" component. What is the correct direction for the force vector in the process box below? Correct!
True or False? The ground reaction force vector and the acceleration vector always point in the same direction. ! - False Greatest peak force? - A and B are equal. Greatest mechanical impulse? ( above) - A is greater than B QUIZ 4 True or False? You can change your angular velocity while you are in the air. Correct! - True
True or False? The process box in the middle is correct given the input (on the left) and output (on the right). - False Which of the following is the angular equivalent of mass? - Moment of InerLa Which force generates the greater torque? - B is greater than A. What will have a more profound effect on a wheel's resistance to change in angular velocity? (Consider all other factors being equal). - Increasing the wheel's radius by 10%.
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The bat rotates slows down as it rotates in counterclockwise direction from A to B. Which of the following is the correct vector for the effective torque? Correct! Which has the greatest peak torque? A is greater than B.
Which has the largest change in angular momentum? A is larger than B. True or False? Force B has a mechanical advantage. ! True True or False? This system is in static equilibrium. False
QUIZ 5 Your client does 10 repetitions of a front squat with 80 kg (~785 N). The distance from the top of the squat to the bottom of the squat is 1m. How much work did she perform? - 0 J True or False? The world record squat produced more power than the world record snatch. Consider only the up (concentric) phase of each lift. - False True or False? Walking is more efficient than running. Correct! - True The work of which force will change both the kinetic and potential energy of a body? Correct! - Ground ReacLon Force Where is his energy the greatest? Correct! - The energy is the same at take-off and at the apex A, B, or C? Which player has the greatest momentum? - A is greater than B.
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A, B, or C? Which player has the greater kinetic energy? ! A is greater than B. The two players collide with a a perfectly inelastic collision. Which way will the system (Player A + Player B) move after impact? To the right. What happens to the energy following the work depicted in the process box? It increases. What is the sign of the work done by a force when that force raises a body to a higher elevation? - PosiLve QUIZ 6 A, B, or C? Which is stiffer?
B is stiffer than A. A, B, or C? Which has the greater stress? A Is greater than B. Which type of loading is depicted below? Tension True or False? A viscoelastic material will become stiffer if you load it more quickly. - True Which of the following will lead to the greatest decrease in stress? ! - Decrease force; increase contact area
True or False? Large forces will not cause an injury if they are distributed over a large enough area. - True Ligaments are more likely to tear with which type of loading? - Tension - A, B, or C? Which is stronger? B is greater than A A, B, or C? Which can absorb a greater amount of energy? B is greater than A Which of the following will lead to the greatest decrease the risk of injury? - Increase a Ossue's capacity for stress; decrease the stress demand during the acOvity. Quiz 7 True or False? MTCs perform work during isometric actions. - False
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- A, B, or C? Which muscle can produce greater force? - B is greater than A - A, B, or C? Which muscle is more affected by velocity? - B is more affected than A During concentric actions, what happens to the force-producing capability of an MTC as the velocity increases? - It decreases What is an age-related loss in muscle mass? - Sarcopenia True or False? When sarcomeres are in series, you can add their forces together. - False With a resistance exercise and plyometric training program, type IIa fibers are more likely to take on characteristics of which fiber type? - Type llac True or False? The fiber type is determined by the motor neuron. - True True or False? Energy can leave the tendon at a different rate than energy enters it. - True Which of the following will lead to the greatest increase in force?
- Increase number of motor units; Increase firing frequency. QUIZ 6 Joint stiffness can be equated with which type of stability? - StaLc Stability A saddle joint has how many rotational degrees of freedom? - 2 A, B, or C? Which muscle would be able to produce more torque at lower speeds? - B can produced more torque than A A, B, or C? Which muscle would be more affected by joint angular velocity? - B would be more affected than A True or False? When the joint angular velocity and the MTC torque are in opposite directions, the MTC is acting like a brake, the MTC action is eccentric, and the MTC is absorbing energy. - True
The joint starts at position A with zero angular velocity and rapidly moves to position C, where it abruptly stops. From B to C, what it the direction of the net joint torque? The joint starts at position A with zero angular velocity and rapidly moves to position C, where it abruptly stops. From B to C, what it the sign of the net joint torque power? Negative Gravity produces an extension torque. The joint is flexing. What is the MTC action? - Concentric True or False? When a joint rotates, MTCs on one side of the joint must shorten while MTCs on the other side of the joint must lengthen. - True
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Which of the following is the segment angle? Angle A is the segment angle. QUIZ 9 During initial contact with a heel strike, what kind of torque is the ground reaction force creating? - Planatar flexor During a squat exercise, when is the flexor torque created by gravity the greatest. - At the bojom of the squat True or False? A patient had hip replacement surgery. He should use a cane on the side that had the surgery to reduce bone-on-bone forces at the hip on that side. - False A, B, or C? Which squat position requires a greater torque at the hip? - B is greater than A. True or False? During a prone hamstring curl, the demand on the hamstrings is greatest at 0 degrees of knee flexion. - True True or False? The plantar fascia transfers force from the Achilles tendon to the metatarsal heads.
- True True or False? Proper foot functioning is accomplished by modulating the stiffness of the spring of the foot. - True A, B, or C? Which position requires the greatest MTC torque about the hip? - B is greater than A From A to B, what is the power of the quads? Negative In the foot, which bone acts as a ball bearing? - Talus Quiz 10 True or False? There are no muscles that directly control the sacroiliac joint. - True How many joints are there in a functional spinal unit? - 3 The intervertebral disc determines the amount of motion available at a functional spinal unit. - False During the deadlift, where is the demand the greatest on the lumbar extensors? - At the bojom of the lil Which MTCs will create a right rotator torque on the thoracolumbar spine? - LeR external oblique; Right internal oblique From A to B, what is the work done on by the thoracolumbar flexors?
- Nega4ve A, B, or C? Where is the torque demand the greatest about the thoracolumbar spine B is greater than A In which direction can you create more torque about the cervical spine? - Extension From A to B, what is work done by the thoracolumbar flexors? Zero True or False? The brain is attached to the skull. - False QUIZ 11 A, B, or C? Which has the larger moment arm about the MCP joint for the external resistance?
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A is greater than B Which type of joint is the elbow - Hinge Which of the following muscles are scapular pivoters? - rhomboids; serratus anterior What type of torque is being created by the external resistance? - Adductor True or False? The grip shown below is a precision grip. TRUE When the hammer hits the nail, what type of torque will the reaction force create about the wrist joint? Radial Deviation Torque A, B, or C? Where is the torque demand the greatest about the glenohumeral joint?
B is greater than A A, B, or C? Where is the torque demand greatest about the elbow? A is greater than B Where is the torque demand the greatest about the elbow? It is greatest at B A, B, or C? Where is the torque demand greatest about the glenohumeral joint? B is greater than A
Quiz 12 From A to B, what is the movement pattern of the lower extremity? Extension From A to B, what is the proper sequencing of rotations for the lower extremity? hip --> knee --> ankle From A to B, which MTC is transferring energy from the knee to the ankle? Gastro True or False? A restriction at the more proximal joint will have a more profound impact on reach area than a restriction at the more distal joint. - True True or False? In a chain with 2 DOF, there are 2 chain configurations that will lead to the same position of the end effector (although 1 of them may not be anatomically possible). - True The rules of the game are an example of which type of constraint? - Task
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Which movement task is depicted below? Serial The __________ phase occurs during swimming when the hand comes out of the water. - Recovery What is another, more formal name for posture? - Chain Configuration True or False? An acceleration at one joint will induce an acceleration at all of the other joints in the chain. - True Correct! Correct!
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