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Ball State University *

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Mathematics

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Apr 3, 2024

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1. Stan has to walk home from work, which is a one-mile walk. It is July when it is 102 degrees out. Stan sees a convenience store with a sign that says, "ice-cold drinks here," and he realizes how thirsty he is. He goes into the convenience store to buy a drink. What does the sign saying, "ice- cold drinks here" function as? 1. discriminative stimulus 2. Food is a reinforcer for 5-year-old Kelsey, but she just ate lunch. What effect does eating lunch have on food as a reinforcer? 1. it is an abolishing operation 3. Mr. Smith is working with a student on learning numbers. Mr. Smith teaches the child to match the number with itself or in other words, to match to sample (MTS). Which type of relation does this represent? 1. A to A relation 4. Carrie is a job coach working with a student in an office. Carrie notices that the student is having a hard time alphabetizing the files. Carrie tells the student to watch her and then shows her how to alphabetize files. Which type of prompt is she using? 1. modeling 5. Which of the following is a stimulus that in presence of which, a response will not be reinforced? 1. S-Delta 6. Stimulus control has been achieved when 1. a response occurs more frequently in the presence of a specific stimulus but rarely occurs in the absence of the stimulus. 7. Which of the following would be included in a feature stimulus class for ducks? 1. webbed feet 8. If you are teaching a client to make his bed, which of the following represents a backward chaining approach? 1. Having the trainer complete all steps except the last one (putting the pillow on the bed). The student puts the pillow on the bed by himself. When he has mastered that step, the trainer completes all but the last two steps, and the student completes those. And so on. 9. The high school marching band performs a different routine every Friday night during halftime of the football game. These routines have many, many steps and constitute behavioral chains. When teaching each routine, the band director first shows the students the full show and then has the band perform the whole thing, while prompting them through it (e.g., "keep going, remember, next, we will march forward for 8 counts.") Even though many of the students do not get all of the moves right during the first few tries, the band director continues to have them run the full routine over and over while providing instructions over the megaphone to guide them along the way. Eventually, the band director does not need to give any more instructions because the band is now carrying out the full routine without making errors or missing any steps. What teaching procedure does the band director use to teach the routine? 1. total task presentation 10. ___________________ is the process by which one systematically and differentially reinforces successive approximations to a terminal behavior. 1. Shaping 11. When targeting a complex behavior, first you should 1. Develop task analysis 12. When a model and the behavior physically resemble each other and are in the same sense mode, this is known 1. Formal similarity

13. After the model evokes an imitation, the behavior comes into contact with contingencies of 1. reinforcement 14. If you place the math book at the front of the desk to increase the likelihood that the student will select the correct book, what type of prompt are you using? 1. spatial 15. Angie is a third grade student who is learning how to put her coat and backpack up in the morning. Angie's teacher decides to implement an errorless learning procedure in which she waits FF seconds before giving Angie a prompt. What procedures is she implementing? 1. delayed prompting 16. Cari is working in a job at an office scanning documents. When beginning to scan the documents, the job coach followed Cari's hand as she completed the task, but did not touch her. Throughout the task, the job coach only used physical guidance as needed. What type of prompting is the job coaching using? 1. graduated guidance. 17. What is over selectivity? 1. responding to irrelevant or incomplete portions of a stimulus 18. what is the benefit of errorless learning? 1. faster skill acquisition and decrease in errors 19. what type of prompt allows the learner to attempt performance of a task with no assistance and then gradually increasing assistance is given if an error is made? 1. least to most 20. Chaining can be used to target all of the following behaviors, except 1. reading 21. why should you write the processes down for prompting? 1. ensure procedures are implemented consistently. 22. which animal was errorless learning first implemented with? 1. Pigeons 23. Which of the following is an example of an arbitrary stimulus class 1. all of the vowels of the alphabet 24. total task training is a variation of forward training 1. true 25. In the backward changing procedure, the behaviors identified in the task analysis are tough in their naturally occurring order with emphasis on teaching the first step. 1. false

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