Lab5-Newtons2ndLaw-Worksheet-
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Lab 4
1
LAB 5: NEWTON’S 2
ND
LAW
Final Score: _________ / 100 pts
This is the companion worksheet for the lab. This is not a replacement for the step-by-
step walkthrough contained in the Lab Manual, rather it is a place to write your data and
answers. You may fill in your answers on this sheet digitally or handwritten on paper.
This assignment is due DIGITALLY on Canvas on the same day as the lab, at 11:59 PM.
NAME:
Click or tap here to enter text.
SECTION:
801
Introduction
What is the Objective for this Lab? Briefly summarize the theory behind the lab, including any relevant equations. (10 pts)
In this lab, we will be using PASCO electronic notebook and motion sensors to explore Newton’s 2
nd
Law. The objective of this lab is to interpret and use data from a velocity versus time graph to determine acceleration. We will measure the acceleration of an object that has a constant mass when the net force is changed. We will also measure the acceleration when the net force is constant. We will also calculate theoretical values for acceleration, which can then be compared to the measured values. Overall, we will describe the relationship between the force applied on an object and the acceleration of that object. This relationship between a, F, and m is illustrated in the formula F=ma. We will also use the equations Fnet=mg, a=(mHg/mc+mH) F=mg and mtotal=mH+mC.
Lab 4
2
Part 1 – Constant System Mass
1.
Hypothesis – Make an educated guess. Suppose a ball is projected horizontally. a.
What happens to an object when you apply a net force to it? (2 pts)
The object will accelerate for as long as the force is applied.
b.
What happens to the motion when you change the magnitude of that net force? (2 pts)
The object will either slow down or speed up depending on if the force is increased or decreased.
Part 1 Results
Mass of the Empty Cart = FORMTEXT
0.239
[kg]
Run
Mass of
the Cart
+ Any
Masses
[kg]
Mass of
hanger
[kg]
Net
force
[N]
Measured
acceleratio
n [m/s
2
]
Calculated
Accelerati
on [m/s
2
]
%
Differen
ce
1
FORMTEXT
FORMTEXT
FORMTEX
FORMTEXT
1.
FORMTEXT
1.
FORMTEXT
2
FORMTEXT
FORMTEXT
FORMTEX
FORMTEXT
2.
FORMTEXT
2.
FORMTEXT
3
FORMTEXT
FORMTEXT
FORMTEX
FORMTEXT
2.
FORMTEXT
3.
FORMTEXT
(15 pts)
Lab 4
3
Include a snapshot of one
of your runs. Be sure to include the linear fit
in this
picture! (5 pts)
2.
What did you observe about the slope of the Linear Fit as the net force increased but the total mass was kept constant? (3 pts)
As the net force increased but the total mass was kept constant, the slope of the Linear Fit got steeper. This means the acceleration increased.
3.
Why did the slope change for each run? (2 pts)
The slope changed for each run because acceleration and mass have an inverse relationship. That said, when the mass from the cart was removed, it
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Lab 4
4
accelerated more quickly due to this inverse relationship. Overall, when mass in lowered, the acceleration increases.
4.
What variable(s) did you keep the same from one run to the next? What variable(s) did you control? (3pts)
The variable of total mass was kept constant. The varianle that was controlled was the location where the mass was applied, which was changed between the runs.
5.
What variable changed as a result and what was the response? (2 pts)
As a result, the acceleration and the net force changed. Both the acceleration and the net force increased as a result.
Using the fact that g = 9.81 [m/s
2
], along with your data in the Part 1 Results table, Calculate the theoretical acceleration by using Newton’s 2
nd
Law of Motion. Put your answers in the Table. Using that information, calculate the percent differences between the measured and theoretical acceleration value.
6.
How do your results compare to your hypothesis? (2 pts)
Our results verify our hypothesis that the net force will affect the acceleration of an object.
7.
What happens to an object's acceleration if the net force applied to the object is increased but the object's mass remains constant? (3 pts)
If the net force applied to the object is increased but the object’s mass remains constant, the acceleration increases due to its directly proportional relationship with the net force. 8.
Is the object's acceleration proportional to the net force? (2 pts)
Yes, the net force and the acceleration have a directly proportional relationship.
Lab 4
5
9.
Based on Newton's Second Law, predict what will happen to a Space Shuttle's acceleration after lift-off as it burns its fuel and loses mass. (3 pts)
Based on Newton’s Second Law, provided the space shuttle experiences no air drag, if the shuttle has a constant net force pushing it up as it looses mass it will accelerate faster and faster. This will continue until it runs out of fuel.
10.
Extension Problem (5 pts)
Two people are pushing a mass 2.0 kg cart with forces F1 and F2. When the two forces push in the same direction, the net acceleration is 1.50 m/s/s. When each push in opposite directions, the net acceleration is 0.50 m/s/s. What are the magnitudes of the forces F1 and F2?
Same direction:
A=F1+F2/m
F1+F2=ma
2kg X 1.50m/s^2 =3N
Opposite directions:
A=F1-F2/m
F1-F2=ma
2kg X 0.50m/s^2 = 1N
F2=3-F1
Lab 4
6
2F1-3=1
F1=2N
F2=3-2= 1N
Part 2: Constant Net Force
11.
Hypothesis – Make an educated guess.
a.
What happens to the motion of an object if you increase the mass of the object but keep the net force constant? (2 pts)
If we increase the mass of the object but keep the net force constant, the motion of the object will decrease.
Part 2 Results
Mass of the Empty Cart = FORMTEXT
0.239
[kg]
Run
Mass of
the Cart
+ Any
Masses
[kg]
Mass of
hanger
[kg]
Net
force
[N]
Measured
acceleratio
n [m/s
2
]
Calculated
Accelerati
on [m/s
2
]
%
Differen
ce
4
FORMTEXT
FORMTEXT
FORMTEX
FORMTEXT
2.
FORMTEXT
2.
FORMTEXT
5
FORMTEXT
FORMTEXT
FORMTEX
FORMTEXT
1.
FORMTEXT
1.
FORMTEXT
6
FORMTEXT
FORMTEXT
FORMTEX
FORMTEXT
1.
FORMTEXT
1.
FORMTEXT
(15 pts)
Include a snapshot of one
of your runs. Be sure to include the linear fit
in this
picture! (5 pts)
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Lab 4
7
12.
What did you observe about the slope of the Linear Fit as the total mass was increased but the net force was kept constant? Why did the slope change for each run? (3 pts)
As the total mass increased, the slope lost its steepness. This means acceleration decreased. Overall, the mass affected the slope as mass was added
in each run.
13.
What variable(s) did you keep the same from one run to the next?
What variable(s) did you control? (2 pts)
We kept the net force the same. We changed the total mass to see how the acceleration was affected.
14.
What variable changed as a result and what was the response? (3 pts)
The acceleration changed between the runs. The acceleration decreased as more mass was added.
Lab 4
8
Using the fact that g = 9.81 [m/s
2
], along with your data in the Part 2 Results table, Calculate the theoretical acceleration by using Newton’s 2
nd
Law of Motion. Put your answers in the Table. With that information, calculate the percent differences between the measured and theoretical acceleration value.
15.
How do your results compare to your hypothesis? (2 pts)
The results supported our hypothesis that If we increase the mass of the object but keep the net force constant, the acceleration value will decrease. This is seen by the fact that adding mass decreased the acceleration.
16.
What happens to an object's acceleration if the net force applied to the object is constant but the total mass increases? (3 pts)
The object’s acceleration decreases if the net force applied to the object is constant but the total mass increases.
17.
Do your results agree with the idea that an object's acceleration inversely proportional to the total mass? (2 pts)
Our results agree with the idea that an object’s acceleration is inversely proportional to the total mass because acceleration decreased as the total mass increased.
18.
What were the sources of error and uncertainty in this experiment? (3 pts)
Although very minimal, air drag is one source of uncertainty. In addition, the sensor had issues picking up the movement of the cart at first. This issue was remedied but sensor placement/ accuracy could be another source of uncertainty
Likewise, the accuracy of the balance is another source of uncertainty. 19.
Based on Newton's Second Law, predict what will happen to a truck's acceleration if it gains mass during a rainstorm but the net force
on the truck remains constant. (3 pts)
Lab 4
9
Based on Newton’s Second Law, if a truck’s mass increases during a rainstorm but the net force of the truck remains constant, its acceleration will decrease.
20.
Extension Problem (5 pts)
An unloaded sled with a mass of 12 kg has an acceleration of 2.3 m/s/s when it is pushed on a horizontal surface.
What is its acceleration when it is fully loaded to a total of 25 kg, but the net force is the same?
F=ma
F= (12kg)(2.3m/s^2)
F=27.6N
a=F/m
a=27.6N/ 25kg
a=1.104m/s^2
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