Copy of Independent_Dependent_Control Variables
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Boston University *
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Mathematics
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Feb 20, 2024
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Name: ____________________________ For each item below, specify the independent and dependent variables, as well as constants. I - Independent D - Dependent C - Constant or Control
1. A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. I: Different tire treads D: braking distance C: the car 2. The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed. I: running speed D: time it takes C: mile 3. The height of bean plants depends on the amount of water they receive. I: the amount of water D: the height of the plant C: the plant 4. The higher the temperature of the air in the oven, the faster a cake will bake. I: temp of the air D: how long will the baking take C: cake 5. Lemon trees receiving the most water produced the most lemons. I: receiving the most water D: produced the most lemons C: lemon trees 6. An investigation found that more bushels of potatoes were produced when the soil was fertilized more. I: the soil was fertilized D: more bushes of potatoes C: bushels of potatoes 7. Students measured the temperature of the water at different depths in Lake Skywalker and found that the temperature varied. I: depths of water D: temps C: depths 8. The amount of pollution produced by cars was measured for cars using gasoline containing different amounts of lead. I: amounts of lead D: population increases C: type of car 9. Four groups of rats are first massed and then fed identical diets except for the amount of vitamin A they receive. Each group gets a different amount. After 3 weeks on the diet, the rats’ masses are measured again to see if there has been a decrease. I: amount of Vitamin A D: mass C: diet
Summary
Independent Variable
: What the experimenter changes during the experiment.
Dependent Variable
: What the experimenter measures.
Constants
: Things that are kept the same.
Control
: Thing to compare against to see if the Independent Variable has any effect.
Name: __________________________ Date: ____________Period: ________ For each experiment below, specify the independent variable, dependent variable, control group and any constants. 1. A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper
clips were added before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to
determine how far it would fly. Independent variable: Mass of the paper
Dependent variable:distance traveled Control: Plane without paper clips
Constant: type of paper and how it as thrown
2. Two groups of students were tested to compare their speed working math problems. Each group was given the same problems. One group used calculators and the other group computed without calculators. Independent variable: Use of calculators Dependent variable is how fast students worked math problems Control group not using calculators Constant same math 3. Students of different ages were given the same puzzle to assemble. The puzzle assembly time was measured. Independent variable age of students Dependent variable how fast the puzzle is assembled Constant same puzzle There can be several controlled variables. If an experiment is to be useful, only one variable at
a time can be manipulated intentionally. All other variables must be controlled throughout all parts of the experiment. If more than one variable is altered (changed), the results of an experiment cannot be interpreted with any validity. 4. An experiment was performed to determine how the amount of coffee grounds could affect the taste of coffee. The same kind of coffee, the same percolator, the same amount and type of water, the same perking time, and the same electrical sources were used. Independent variable amount of coffee used Dependent variable taste of coffee Constants (3) Type of coffee, type of water, time of percolation, amount of water, percolator used,
electrical source
Identify the Controls and Variables
Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks.
Identify the: 1. Control Group- group b 2. Independent Variable-the juice
3. Dependent Variable-the number of stacks
4. What should Smithers' conclusion be?- the juice did not help with a quicker process 5. How could this experiment be improved? Group A could get the juice and Group B can get the juice
without the special ingredients Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower.
6. What was the initial observation? The green slime Identify the 7. Control Group The other part of the bath was sprayed with water 8. Independent Variable Coconut Juice
9. Dependent Variable The slime disappeared
10. What should Homer's conclusion be? The coconut juice didn't help
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Bart believes that mice exposed to microwaves will become
extra strong (maybe he's been reading too much Radioactive Man). He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice in a microwave for 10 seconds. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the microwaved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the non-microwaved mice were able to do the same. Identify the 11. Control Group mice not exposed to microwave 12. Independent Variable the mice that weren't exposed 13. Dependent Variable exposed mice exposed mice
14. What should Bart's conclusion be? 15. How could Bart's experiment be improved? He could've used more mice Krusty was told that a certain itching powder was the newest best thing on the market; it even claims to cause 50% longer lasting itches. Interested in this product, he buys the itching powder and compares it to his usual product. One test subject (A) is sprinkled with the original itching powder, and another test subject (B) was sprinkled with the Experimental itching powder. Subject A reported having itches for 30 minutes. Subject B reported to have itches for 45 minutes. Identify the 16. Control Group subject A gave the original powder 17. Independent Variable the itching powder 18. Dependent Variable how long the itch lasts
19. Explain whether the data supports the advertisement's claims about its product. It does because it shows that it last longer Lisa is working on a science project. Her task is to answer the question: "Does Rogooti (which is a commercial hair product) affect the speed of hair growth". Her family is willing to volunteer for the experiment. 20. Describe how Lisa would perform this experiment. Identify the control group, and the independent and dependent variables in your Description.
Control group her family using Rogooti
Independent variable - Rogooti
Dependent variable- if the produce Rogooti