CHM 101L M1 Intro to Science Lab Report
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Feb 20, 2024
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Faster Plop, Plop, Fizz, Fizz: A Scientific Method
Investigation
Date: 10/25/2023
1
Data
Activity 1
1.
State a hypothesis for Activity 1 using an “if/then” statement. Remember to create a statement that is able to be tested empirically.
Hypothesis: If water temperature increases the rate in which Alka-Seltzer tablets dissolve, then it is likely that the tablets dropped into the cups containing hot water will require less time to fully dissolve than tablets dropped into cups containing room temperature or cold water. Data Table 1
Run
No.
Cup
Temp. (˚C)
Time (sec.)
Observations
1
C 1
180 sec.
The tablet dissolved very slowly, and
the water appeared cloudy – the tablet
appeared to be struggling to break
apart and dissolve. 1
RT 28
37 sec.
The tablet fizzled for a bit before
breaking into pieces and floating to
the surface, where it completely
dissolved.
1
H
37
29 sec.
Intense fizzing at the start before the
tablet fully dissolved and the water
became still.
2
C
4
131 sec.
Similar to the first trial, the tablet
dissolved slowly and struggled to
break into smaller pieces. However,
the 3-degree temperature difference
reduced the dissolve time
significantly. 2
RT
22
46 sec.
The tablet fizzed and rocked back and
forth before dissolving approximately
13 seconds after the tablet in the cup
containing hot water. 2
H
35
33 sec.
The tablet fizzed loudly before
completely dissolving.
3
C
4
134 sec.
Very similar to the second trial – the
water appeared cloudy, and the tablet
© 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
2
Run
No.
Cup
Temp. (˚C)
Time (sec.)
Observations
rocked back and forth before
dissolving entirely. 3
RT
26
38 sec.
This trial was very similar to the “h”
cup and finished dissolving only 7
seconds after the tablet placed in the
cup containing hot water.
3
H
39
31 sec.
The fizzing bubbles shot upwards in
the cup before completely dissolving.
Avg.
C
3
148 sec.
The tablets dropped into the cold water
took the longest to dissolve each trial and
did not fizzle dramatically or loudly at all;
they often rocked back and forth between
slowly breaking apart and dissolving.
Additionally, the water often appeared
cloudy compared to water in the RT and H
cups.
Avg.
RT
25
40 sec.
The tablets dropped into the room
temperature cups dissolved surprisingly
similarly to the tablets dropped into the
cups containing hot water, but were still a
bit slower and often fizzled less intensely.
Avg.
H
37
31 sec.
The tablets dropped into the cups
containing hot water dissolved the
fastest, and often had quite a few bubbles
shooting upwards (while creating an
audible fizzing noise) before the water in
the cup settled completely and had clear
visibility. 2.
Using graphing software such as Excel®, graph the results of Activity 1. Please see the Introduction to Graphing manual for guidance.
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© 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
4
Cup
Temp (°C )
Time (sec.)
Cold
1
180
Cold
4
131
Cold
4
134
Room Temp
28
37
Room Temp
22
46
Room Temp
26
38
Hot
37
29
Hot
35
33
Hot
39
31
0
5
10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
180
131
134
f(x) = 159.0017601744
A
Temp (sec.)
3.
What are the two variables that you graphed?
The two variables that were graphed are water temperature (measured in Celsius) and the amount of time it took each tablet took to dissolve (measured in seconds). 4.
Which is the independent variable? Should it be on the X- or Y-
axis? Why?
The independent variable in this scenario is water temperature. In each of the trials, water was added to the cups (Cold, Room Temperature, and Hot) and influenced the amount of time it took each half Alka-Seltzer tablet to © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
5
dissolve. The independent variable should be on the x-axis (the horizontal line). 5.
Which is the dependent variable? Should it be on the X- or Y-axis?
Why?
The dependent variable is the amount of time it took for the half Alka-
Seltzer tablets to dissolve in their respective cups. The dependent variable should by on the y-axis because y values are dependent on the x values.
6.
Predict how many seconds it will take to dissolve an Alka-
Seltzer® tablet in 200 mL of water at the following temperatures.
Use the exponential trend line to find the function used in predicting the time. If needed, please refer to the Introduction to Graphing manual for guidance.
a. 35°C
Approximately 30.69 seconds.
b. 60°C
Approximately 9.5 seconds.
c. 80°C
Approximately 3.7 seconds.
Activity 2
7.
List five questions about the rate at which Alka-Seltzer® tablets dissolve if the temperature was held constant and one of the controlled variables was changed. 1.)
Does the amount of water in each cup impact the rate at which Alka-Seltzer tablets dissolve?
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2.)
Does the size of the cups impact the rate at which Alka-
Seltzer tablets dissolve? 3.)
Would Alka-Seltzer tablets dissolve (or not dissolve at all)
if the liquid in the cups was changed to something other than water?
4.)
Does the form of the Alka-Seltzer tablets (i.e., crushed, in
halves, etc.) impact the rate at which they dissolve?
5.)
Would a different amount of an Alka-Seltzer tablet (for example, ¼ of a tablet or one whole tablet) dissolve at a different rate than the half tablet amount required for this lab activity? 1.)
Develop a new hypothesis based on one of the questions. Remember that a hypothesis must be testable with empirical or measurable data.
Activity 2 Table
State the hypothesis.
If Alka-Seltzer tablets are broken into smaller pieces before being exposed to water, then they will likely dissolve more quickly than those that have not been broken into smaller pieces beforehand. Identify the independent variable.
The independent variable is the form of each half Alka-Seltzer tablet, either whole (a full half), half (a half broken into two pieces), or crushed (a tablet that has been broken into many small pieces). Identify the dependent
variable.
The dependent variable is the amount of time it took each half tablet to dissolve in each of the cups filled with water. List the controlled variables.
Temperature (approximately 21
°C), 250 mL of water, same amount of Alka Seltzer tablet in each trial
How will the dependent variable be measured?
The dependent variable will be measured in seconds using a timer.
If the hypothesis is true, what results are If the hypothesis is true, then the Alka-Seltzer tablets that have been pre-crushed will likely © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
7
State the hypothesis.
If Alka-Seltzer tablets are broken into smaller pieces before being exposed to water, then they will likely dissolve more quickly than those that have not been broken into smaller pieces beforehand. expected?
dissolve the fastest once dropped into the cups filled with water. © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
8
Data Table 2 Run
No.
Manipulated
Variable
Time (sec.)
Observations
1
whole
46 sec.
1
half
47 sec.
1
crushed
27 sec.
2
whole
50 sec.
2
half
45 sec.
2
crushed
26 sec.
3
whole
1 min 4 sec.
3
half 1 min 4 sec.
3
crushed
42 sec.
Avg.
whole 53 sec.
Avg.
half
52 sec.
Avg.
crushed 32 sec.
What could have been done in either activity to make the results more reproducible? To make the results more reproducible, it would help to reduce human error by ensuring the Alka-Seltzer tablets were all exactly the same size (and cut in half evenly), that each of the cups (C, RT, and H) contained water that was
the same temperature, and that each of the cups contained precisely 200 mL
of water each time. Additionally, it would help to have more than one person assisting with the trials, since it was difficult to drop each tablet into the cups
at exactly the same time while also starting the timer. © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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