CHM 101L M1 Intro to Science Lab Report

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Faster Plop, Plop, Fizz, Fizz: A Scientific Method Investigation Date: 10/25/2023
1 Data Activity 1 1. State a hypothesis for Activity 1 using an “if/then” statement. Remember to create a statement that is able to be tested empirically. Hypothesis: If water temperature increases the rate in which Alka-Seltzer tablets dissolve, then it is likely that the tablets dropped into the cups containing hot water will require less time to fully dissolve than tablets dropped into cups containing room temperature or cold water. Data Table 1 Run No. Cup Temp. (˚C) Time (sec.) Observations 1 C 1 180 sec. The tablet dissolved very slowly, and the water appeared cloudy – the tablet appeared to be struggling to break apart and dissolve. 1 RT 28 37 sec. The tablet fizzled for a bit before breaking into pieces and floating to the surface, where it completely dissolved. 1 H 37 29 sec. Intense fizzing at the start before the tablet fully dissolved and the water became still. 2 C 4 131 sec. Similar to the first trial, the tablet dissolved slowly and struggled to break into smaller pieces. However, the 3-degree temperature difference reduced the dissolve time significantly. 2 RT 22 46 sec. The tablet fizzed and rocked back and forth before dissolving approximately 13 seconds after the tablet in the cup containing hot water. 2 H 35 33 sec. The tablet fizzed loudly before completely dissolving. 3 C 4 134 sec. Very similar to the second trial – the water appeared cloudy, and the tablet © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
2 Run No. Cup Temp. (˚C) Time (sec.) Observations rocked back and forth before dissolving entirely. 3 RT 26 38 sec. This trial was very similar to the “h” cup and finished dissolving only 7 seconds after the tablet placed in the cup containing hot water. 3 H 39 31 sec. The fizzing bubbles shot upwards in the cup before completely dissolving. Avg. C 3 148 sec. The tablets dropped into the cold water took the longest to dissolve each trial and did not fizzle dramatically or loudly at all; they often rocked back and forth between slowly breaking apart and dissolving. Additionally, the water often appeared cloudy compared to water in the RT and H cups. Avg. RT 25 40 sec. The tablets dropped into the room temperature cups dissolved surprisingly similarly to the tablets dropped into the cups containing hot water, but were still a bit slower and often fizzled less intensely. Avg. H 37 31 sec. The tablets dropped into the cups containing hot water dissolved the fastest, and often had quite a few bubbles shooting upwards (while creating an audible fizzing noise) before the water in the cup settled completely and had clear visibility. 2. Using graphing software such as Excel®, graph the results of Activity 1. Please see the Introduction to Graphing manual for guidance. © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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3 © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
4 Cup Temp (°C ) Time (sec.) Cold 1 180 Cold 4 131 Cold 4 134 Room Temp 28 37 Room Temp 22 46 Room Temp 26 38 Hot 37 29 Hot 35 33 Hot 39 31 0 5 10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 180 131 134 f(x) = 159.0017601744 A Temp (sec.) 3. What are the two variables that you graphed? The two variables that were graphed are water temperature (measured in Celsius) and the amount of time it took each tablet took to dissolve (measured in seconds). 4. Which is the independent variable? Should it be on the X- or Y- axis? Why? The independent variable in this scenario is water temperature. In each of the trials, water was added to the cups (Cold, Room Temperature, and Hot) and influenced the amount of time it took each half Alka-Seltzer tablet to © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
5 dissolve. The independent variable should be on the x-axis (the horizontal line). 5. Which is the dependent variable? Should it be on the X- or Y-axis? Why? The dependent variable is the amount of time it took for the half Alka- Seltzer tablets to dissolve in their respective cups. The dependent variable should by on the y-axis because y values are dependent on the x values. 6. Predict how many seconds it will take to dissolve an Alka- Seltzer® tablet in 200 mL of water at the following temperatures. Use the exponential trend line to find the function used in predicting the time. If needed, please refer to the Introduction to Graphing manual for guidance. a. 35°C Approximately 30.69 seconds. b. 60°C Approximately 9.5 seconds. c. 80°C Approximately 3.7 seconds. Activity 2 7. List five questions about the rate at which Alka-Seltzer® tablets dissolve if the temperature was held constant and one of the controlled variables was changed. 1.) Does the amount of water in each cup impact the rate at which Alka-Seltzer tablets dissolve? © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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6 2.) Does the size of the cups impact the rate at which Alka- Seltzer tablets dissolve? 3.) Would Alka-Seltzer tablets dissolve (or not dissolve at all) if the liquid in the cups was changed to something other than water? 4.) Does the form of the Alka-Seltzer tablets (i.e., crushed, in halves, etc.) impact the rate at which they dissolve? 5.) Would a different amount of an Alka-Seltzer tablet (for example, ¼ of a tablet or one whole tablet) dissolve at a different rate than the half tablet amount required for this lab activity? 1.) Develop a new hypothesis based on one of the questions. Remember that a hypothesis must be testable with empirical or measurable data. Activity 2 Table State the hypothesis. If Alka-Seltzer tablets are broken into smaller pieces before being exposed to water, then they will likely dissolve more quickly than those that have not been broken into smaller pieces beforehand. Identify the independent variable. The independent variable is the form of each half Alka-Seltzer tablet, either whole (a full half), half (a half broken into two pieces), or crushed (a tablet that has been broken into many small pieces). Identify the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the amount of time it took each half tablet to dissolve in each of the cups filled with water. List the controlled variables. Temperature (approximately 21 °C), 250 mL of water, same amount of Alka Seltzer tablet in each trial How will the dependent variable be measured? The dependent variable will be measured in seconds using a timer. If the hypothesis is true, what results are If the hypothesis is true, then the Alka-Seltzer tablets that have been pre-crushed will likely © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
7 State the hypothesis. If Alka-Seltzer tablets are broken into smaller pieces before being exposed to water, then they will likely dissolve more quickly than those that have not been broken into smaller pieces beforehand. expected? dissolve the fastest once dropped into the cups filled with water. © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
8 Data Table 2 Run No. Manipulated Variable Time (sec.) Observations 1 whole 46 sec. 1 half 47 sec. 1 crushed 27 sec. 2 whole 50 sec. 2 half 45 sec. 2 crushed 26 sec. 3 whole 1 min 4 sec. 3 half 1 min 4 sec. 3 crushed 42 sec. Avg. whole 53 sec. Avg. half 52 sec. Avg. crushed 32 sec. What could have been done in either activity to make the results more reproducible? To make the results more reproducible, it would help to reduce human error by ensuring the Alka-Seltzer tablets were all exactly the same size (and cut in half evenly), that each of the cups (C, RT, and H) contained water that was the same temperature, and that each of the cups contained precisely 200 mL of water each time. Additionally, it would help to have more than one person assisting with the trials, since it was difficult to drop each tablet into the cups at exactly the same time while also starting the timer. © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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