PSYC502_ Week 6 CASE ANALYSIS

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Jan 9, 2024

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Week 6: Case Analysis Care Analysis Cierra Griffin American Military University December 17, 2023 pg. 1

Week 6: Case Analysis Case Analysis Summary A college counselor for a large university helps students select careers matched to their personalities. She uses computer-administered personality tests as the primary source of information. The counselor uses the assessment with all students who seek counseling. Qualitative interviews are not part of the assessment process. Initial Reaction The case study above is strange. I am curious as to why the counselor is choosing to use personality as a factor in helping students select a career path. Will the counselor use other factors to determine careers? Personality should not be the primary source of information. Computer- administered tests can be unreliable due to computer interpreting results. Computers lack background knowledge of the test taker. Solely relying on a computer leaves room for inaccuracy and surface level knowledge. The counselor has background knowledge on strengths, weaknesses, test scores, one on one interviews, interests, motivators, goals, desires and etc. Qualitative interviews not being a part of the assessment process is unsettling. Interviews would allow the students to go into detail about what they want to do and how they could reach their goals. That gives the interviewer a blueprint and renders the proper tools to help the student become successful in entering their desired career field. I have quite a few questions for this college counselor. If computer- administered tests are the primary source of information, what is the secondary source of information? Are all students administered the same personality test? Do majors have their own set of personality tests? Has the counselor taken the personality test herself? If so, did the test align her with counseling? Has the personality test been determined as reliable? Why has she chosen to completely get pg. 2

Week 6: Case Analysis rid of qualitative interviews? Are they too time consuming for her? Were they completed at another time during the student’s academic career? Is she the only counselor assisting the college population? How does the counselor receive the results? Do the students get their scores immediately with an interpretation? Do the tests platforms protect the identity of the test taker? Is the test timed? Who schedules the follow up meeting to review the test or next steps? Will a paper test be readily available for those that do not own a computer, have a language barrier or disability? 3 factors that impact performance on objective tests There are many factors that go into determining someone’s ideal career. Some common factors are interests, IQ, abilities, and personality. These factors are just the beginning in helping prospects focus on a particular career field. Interests determine what you want to do while IQ and abilities focus on what you do well. Personality can change based on environment and situations. Personality is important in determining career because it helps you to see why one career fits you better than others. (Barrett, J. 2009) Objective tests have no right or wrong answer. The test taker does not have to explain their reasoning. (s) Some common objective tests are true- false, multiple choice, and matching. Three factors that impact performance on objective tests are motivation, mood at the time of the test and lack of understanding. If the student is not interested in taking the personality test, they will score poorly or inaccurately. If the student already knows what they want to do, the test might be useless in their opinion. Some students might not know what they want to do, and the need to take a test might be frustrating will can alter test results. Depending on what year of college the test is taken, maturity could lack. A lot of college students attend parties and take college lightly. Future plans might not be in mind during the start of college. Motivated students are more likely to take the test seriously so pg. 3

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Week 6: Case Analysis they can get the most accurate analysis. A person’s mood going into a test is important. It can be good or bad. If a student is in a bad mood, their test will not reflect their true authentic personality. The students’ test will project them into a field that might not best suit them. It is important for the test proctor/ website to stress how answers should be based on their typical feelings not their current state whether positive or negative. It is important to understand the type of test you are taking. If the test is misunderstood, the responses will not truly reflect the tester’s personality and abilities. The students should also understand why the test is being taken and how it contributes to their ideal career. There should be transparency between the counselor and student. Reliability and Validity Reliability is defined as the consistency of a test regardless of how many times the test taker takes the same test. Factors such as proctor and change of sequence of the test should result in similar test scores. Validity is responsible for making sure the test fulfills its goal. There were no specific tests mentioned in the case analysis study. The most popular personality tests are the Big Five, Enneagram and Myers- Briggs Type Indicator. (MBTI) The MBTI focuses on 4 categories, 16 personality types and 4 letter types. The Enneagram focuses on ancient history and labels. The Big Five helps the tester gain a greater understanding of how they will success in school and in the workplace. (Riggio, Ronald, 2022) All 3 tests might not be considered reliable due to outdated research, and theories. Studies have shown that the MBTI and Enneagram are not reliable or valid. A change in a response could lead to a complete change in your personality type. Personality type should be more like or less like instead of completely change. (Riggio, Ronald, 2022) The Big Five is valid. The test taker will get the same score every time. The only drawback is the lack of data interpretation. pg. 4

Week 6: Case Analysis (Riggio, Ronald, 2022) Another issue with this case is how the counselor is administering the personality test. Online tests might not be an option for all of the students. The test might not be taken properly, and the online platform might not properly interpret the results. The counselor is taking a one-step approach to determine the student’s ideal career. With the information given, I am not sure if the counselor has taken the personality test to determine the reliability and validity. Objective testing does not require interpretation but the individual that reads the results can be subjective in their observation and career recommendation. Objective tests are reliable. The answer cannot be right, wrong, or explained. Objective test formats are designed to be unbiased. The computer interprets the test, so accuracy is more likely. These types of tests do not need to be studied so the answer should remain the same. The lack of information in this case analysis makes it hard to determine reliability and validity. The scenario did not state whether she has used these tests before on prior students, research on the websites or if she has used the online tests herself. 3 ethical concerns as per the APA Ethical Codes There are at least 3 ethical concerns as per the APA Ethical Codes associated with this scenario, (4.01) Maintaining confidentiality, (9.03) Informed consent in Assessments (9.09) Test scoring and interpretation. It is the psychologist’s responsibility to protect any confidential information. Some examples of confidential information are social security numbers, phone numbers, address, student ID, and test scores. Their duty is to provide adequate storage of any and all documents. Regulations are to be followed by laws and institutional rules. (APA, 2017) If the psychologist works with others or delegate duties, the employee should have no close relationships with the students and be a subject matter expert in their field. Psychologist must get informed consent for any test, evaluation, and diagnostic pg. 5

Week 6: Case Analysis service. (APA, 2017) Informed consent is defined as a breakdown of what the test is, what it will be used for, cost, who will be involved in the test process/ interpretation and to answer any questions the participant might have. Psychologists should be explaining why the questionnaires are being used, background information, what to expect from the test and what to expect after the test. There should be a breakdown of all the information that is going to be used to score the test and how hiring decisions are made. This is important so a potential candidate understands the process and what can come from it based on performance and interviews. If the participant has a language barrier and takes the test in their native language, the psychologist must get permission to get help from an interpreter while maintaining confidentiality. (APA, 2017) Psychologists are required to thoroughly explain their purpose, norms, validity, reliability, and execution of a test to other professionals. (APA, 2017) Psychologists should choose scoring systems based on the validity of the tests. It is the duty of the psychologist to properly interpret and use the results as intended. (APA, 2017) Psychologists should be using adequate background knowledge to interpret individual scores. All interpretations must be unbiased and scientifically proven. pg. 6

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Week 6: Case Analysis Work Cited APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2017) . ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGISTS AND CODE OF CONDUC. (n.d.). https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ethics-code-2017.pdf Barrett, J. (2009). Career, aptitude and selection tests: match your IQ, personality and abilities to your ideal career (3rd ed.). Kogan Page Ltd. Campbell, A. (2023, June 1). How can you measure test validity and reliability? . Canada (English). https://www.turnitin.com/blog/how-to-measure-test-validity-reliability How useful are personality tests? | psychology Today. (n.d.-b). https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/cutting-edge-leadership/202209/how-useful- are-personality-tests Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Objective test. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/objective%20test pg. 7

Week 6: Case Analysis pg. 8

PSYC502_ Week 6 CASE ANALYSIS

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