MLC - Mission Command & Operations study guide

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American Military University *

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MLC

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Feb 20, 2024

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p 1. CMDRS MC (Commanders Mis- sion Command) Competence Mission Orders Disciplined Initiative Risk Acceptance Shared Understanding Mutual Trust Commander's Intent 7 principles of mission command 2. The command and control warfighting function is the re- lated tasks and a system that enable commanders to synchro- nize and converge all elements of combat power (ADP 3-0). - tasks: command forces, control operations, drive the operations process, establish C&C system - system: people, processes, net- works, command posts Define "Command and Control" as a warfighting function 3. • Competent commanders, sub- ordinates, and teams are the ba- sis of effective mission com- mand. • Training and education pro- vides experiences that allow for achievement of professional competence. •Continuous self-development supplements training and educa- tion. Competence as a principle of mission command 4. •Mutual trust is shared confi- dence among commanders, sub- ordinates, and partners Trust as a principle of mission command 1 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p •Trust comes from successful shared experiences and training •Gained incidental to operations •Deliberately developed by the Commander •Subordinates are more willing to exercise initiative when they believe their commander trusts them 5. •Shared understanding and pur- pose form the basis for unity of effort and trust •Operational environment, the operation's purpose, problems, and approaches to solving them Shared understanding as a principle of mission command 6. •Purpose of the operation, Key tasks, Desired end state •Helps subordinates achieve the commander's desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not un- fold as planned •Nests w/in higher commander's intent Commanders intent as a principle of mission command 7. •Assign tasks, allocate re- sources, and issue broad guid- ance •What to do, not how to do it •Provide subordinates the maxi- mum freedom of action Mission orders as a principle of mission command 8. •Create opportunity by taking ac- tion to develop the situation •Commander's intent defines limits to exercising initiative •Take appropriate action when orders no longer fit the situation Disciplined Initiative as a principle of mission command 2 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p 9. Risk is a deliberate exposure to potential injury or loss when the commander judges the outcome in terms of mission accomplish- ment as worth the cost Risk acceptance as a principle of mis- sion command 10. critical analyzing a problem is (critical or cre- ative) thinking 11. creative coming up with new, innovative ways to solve the problem is (critical or creative) thinking 12. creative mental agility attribute of intellect - criti- cal or creative thinking? 13. critical sound judgment attribute of intellect - critical or creative thinking? 14. creative innovation attribute of intellect - critical or creative thinking? 15. •Command forces •Control operations •Drive the operations process •Establish the command and control system Tasks of C&C as a warfighting function (4) 16. people, processes, networks, command posts Systems of C&C as a warfighting func- tion (4) 17. understand, visualize, describe, and direct lead and assess How does the Commander drive the Op- erations Process? (6 elements) 18. - Operational environment - the problem What does the commander need to "understand" to drive the operations process? (2) 3 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p 19. - current situation (described by current conditions) - operational approach - end state (described by desired future conditions) What is a commanders visualization? 20. Visualization in time, space, pur- pose, and resources •Commander's Intent •Planning Guidance •CCIRs •EEFI Define how a commander "describes" in the operations process? 21. •Operations Orders •Key Decision Points What two ways do commanders "direct" in the operations process? 22. The regulation of forces and warfighting functions to accom- plish the mission in accordance with the commander's intent. Define "Control" 23. LARD (think fat commander) - Leadership: motivating people both inside and outside the chain of command - Authority: power to judge, act, or command - Responsibility: accountability for decisions - Decision-making: knowing if, when, and what to decide and un- derstanding the consequences Elements of command (4) 24. CDIF (your commander has C. dif) - Communication: exercising control over forces - Direction: communicates a de- cision - Information: fuels understand- Elements of control (4) 4 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p ing and decision-making - Feedback: drives changes or adjustments 25. definition of Elements of con- trol, includes direction, feedback, communication, and information Systems and procedures used to im- prove the commander's understanding and support accomplishing missions 26. the arrangement of people, processes, networks, and com- mand posts that enable comman- ders to conduct operations. Command and Control System defini- tion (including 4 elements) 27. processes What component of the C&C system in- cludes these elements: •IPB •Information collection •Targeting •Risk management •Knowledge management •SOPs •MDMP 28. people What component of the C&C system in- cludes these elements: •Commanders •Seconds in command •Command sergeants major •Staffs •Liaison Officers 29. networks What component of the C&C system in- cludes these elements: •End-user applications •Information services/data •Network transport and management 30. command posts What component of the C&C system in- cludes these elements: •KM, IM, foreign disclosure 5 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p •Situational understanding •Controlling operations •Assessing operations •Coordinate internally/externally •CP administration 31. principles of mission command What principles do commanders use to balance the functions of command and control? 32. The authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exer- cises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment Define "command" 33. Structure, in the form of com- mand and support relation- ships, establishes channels that streamline information dissemi- nation by ensuring the right in- formation passes promptly to the right people. How are "structure" and "channels" re- lated in the "communication" element of control? 34. Nature of operations The ____ of operations is that they are dynamic and uncertain human endeav- ors to achieve a political purpose 35. using the philosophy of mission command (the approach to com- mand and control that empow- ers subordinate decision making and decentralized execution ap- propriate to the situation) How does the Army account for the na- ture of operations in the command and control process? 36. the operations process What is the framework for organizing and putting command and control into action? 37. The operations process: plan, prepare, execute, and assess 6 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p What are the major command and con- trol activities performed during opera- tions? 38. Planning, IPB, running estimates What 3 things help commanders devel- op an initial understanding of their OEs? 39. Directing At what step in the operations process does the commander do the following things: - Approving plans and orders. - Establishing command and support re- lationships. - Assigning and adjusting tasks, control measures, and task organization. - Positioning units to maximize combat power. - Positioning key leaders at critical places and times to ensure supervision. - Allocating resources to exploit opportu- nities and counter threats. - Committing the reserve. 40. commanders modify plans and orders to adapt the force to changing circumstances What may commanders do based on their assessment (and that of their staff)? 41. 1. Operational and Mission Vari- ables 2. Running Estimates 3. Intelligence 4. Collaboration 5. Liaison What tools do commanders use in the operations process to build situational understanding? (5) 42. integrating processes: IPB, infor- mation collection, targeting, risk management, knowledge man- agement Commanders and staffs use ____________ processes to synchro- nize the force to adapt to changing cir- cumstances throughout the operations process 7 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p 43. the process of selecting and prioritizing targets and match- ing the appropriate response to them, considering operational re- quirements and capabilities - part of the way commanders and staffs synchronize the force to adapt to changing circum- stances thru the ops process Define Targeting as an integrating process in the operations process 44. the process of enabling knowl- edge flow to enhance shared un- derstanding, learning, and deci- sion making - part of the way commanders and staffs synchronize the force to adapt to changing circum- stances thru the ops process Define Knowledge Management as an integrating process in the operations process 45. a deliberate, daily schedule of command, staff, and unit activ- ities intended to maximize use of time and synchronize staff ac- tions - used in the operations process Define Battle Rhythm 46. •Planning: •Preparation •Execution Assessment What are the 4 activities of the opera- tions process? 47. Organic forces are those as- signed to and forming an essen- tial part of a military organization as listed in its table of organi- zation. If temporarily task-orga- nized with another headquarters, organic units return to the con- trol of their organic headquarters after completing the mission. Organic command relationship 8 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p 48. Assigned units are placed in an organization relatively perma- nently. Unless specifically stated, this relationship includes admin- istrative control. Assigned command relationship 49. Attached units are placed in an organization temporarily. Attached command relationship 50. OPCON is the authority to per- form the functions of command over subordinate forces includ- ing organizing and employing, assigning tasks, designating ob- jectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accom- plish the mission. OPCON command relationship 51. TACON is the authority over forces that is limited to the de- tailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers with- in the operational area neces- sary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned. TACON does not provide authority to change or- ganizational structure or direct administrative and logistics sup- port. TACON Command relationship 52. - command-level technical and tactical expertise resides in the supporting unit and not the sup- ported unit - supporting unit has more than one customer and must internal- ly prioritize support efforts. When might a supporting relationship be more appropriate than a commanding relationship? (2) 53. Direct support 9 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p Direct support is a relationship requiring a force to support an- other specific force and authoriz- ing it to answer directly to the supported force's request for as- sistance. A unit assigned a di- rect support relationship retains its command relationship with its parent unit, but it is positioned by and has priorities of support es- tablished by the supported unit 54. General support is given to the supported force as a whole and not to any particular subdivision. Units assigned a general sup- port relationship are positioned and have priorities established by their parent units. General support 55. Reinforcing is a support relation- ship requiring a force to support another supporting unit. Only like units can be given a reinforc- ing mission. A unit assigned a reinforcing support relationship retains its command relationship with its parent unit but is posi- tioned by the reinforced unit. A unit that is reinforcing has prior- ities of support established first by the reinforced unit and then by the parent unit. Reinforcing support 56. GSR is a support relationship as- signed to a unit to support the force as a whole and to reinforce another similar type of unit. A unit assigned a GSR support re- general support-reinforcing (GSR) 10 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p lationship is positioned and has priorities established by its par- ent unit and secondly by the re- inforced unit. 57. Conceptual: what to do and why Detailed: how to do it Concepts drive details; details influence concepts Describe the difference between con- ceptual planning and detailed planning 58. Conceptual Army Design methodology - conceptual or detailed planning? 59. both (more conceptual than TLPs but less than Army design) MDMP - conceptual or detailed plan- ning? 60. Detailed TLPs - conceptual or detailed planning? 61. is a methodology for applying critical and creative. To under- stand, visualize, and describe problems and approaches to solving them - results include an understand- ing of an OE and problem, the ini- tial commander's intent, and an operational approach. What the army design methodology? 62. •Step 1 - Receipt of Mission •Step 2 - Mission Analysis •Step 3 - Course of Action Devel- opment •Step 4 - Course of Action Analy- sis •Step 5 - Course of Action Com- parison •Step 6 - Course of Action Ap- proval Steps of MDMP 11 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p •Step 7 - Orders Production, Dis- semination, and Transition 63. 1. RECEIVE THE MISSION* 2. ISSUE THE WARNING ORDER* 3. MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN 4. INITIATE MOVEMENT 5. CONDUCT RECONNAIS- SANCE 6. COMPLETE PLAN 7. ISSUE THE ORDER 8. SUPERVISE AND REFINE *must happen in this order My wacky parents made really poor omelets Sunday (mission, warning, plan, move- ment, recon, plan, order, super- vise) Steps of TLP 64. Mission variables: Mission Enemy Terrain Troops Time Civilian Considerations METT-TC 65. Give subordinate leaders enough time to prepare and is- sue their own orders. Divide your available time in thirds. Use one-third yourself, and give the remaining two-thirds of the time to subordinate leaders. 1/3- 2/3 RULE 66. - mission statement - commanders intent - concept of operations What are 3 key components of a plan? 12 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p 67. - Describes combination of offen- sive, defensive and stability op- erations - Concept nests with higher HQ - Includes operations overlay Concept of operations 68. mission statement The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore 69. commanders intent A clear, concise statement of what the force must do and the conditions the force must establish with respect to the enemy, terrain, and civil considerations that represent the desired end state 70. concept of operations A statement that directs the manner in which subordinate units cooperate to ac- complish the mission and establishes the sequence of actions the force will use to achieve the end-state 71. Tasks A clearly defined and measurable ac- tivity accomplished by individuals and organizations - who, what (task), when, where, and why (purpose) 72. coordinating instructions CCIRs, fire support coordination and air- space coordinating measures, rules of engagement, risk mitigation measures, and the time or condition when the oper- ation order becomes effective 73. control A means of regulating forces or warfight- ing functions by assigning responsibili- ties, coordinate actions between forces, impose restrictions, or establish guide- lines to regulate freedom of action. 13 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p 74. preparation The functions of __________include the following: •Improve situational understanding. •Develop a common understanding of the plan. •Train and become proficient on critical tasks. •Task-organize and integrate the force. •Ensure forces and resources are posi- tioned. 75. preparation activities _______ help commanders, staffs, and Soldiers understand a situation and their roles in upcoming operations. 76. Execution - translating decisions into ac- tions _____________ is the act of putting a plan into action by applying combat pow- er to accomplish the mission and adjust- ing operations based on changes in the situation. 77. BUILD AND MAINTAIN MOMEN- TUM 3 guides of effective execution •SEIZE AND RETAIN THE INITIATIVE •________________ •EXPLOIT SUCCESS 78. - assessment - decision making - directing action What 3 activities occur during execution of an operation? 79. •Execution decisions: implement a planned action under circum- stances anticipated (orders as vi- sualized) •Adjustment decisions: modify the operation to respond to unanticipated opportunities and threats. Decisions made during execution are ei- ther (2): 80. 14 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p RAPID DECISIONMAKING & SYNCHRONIZATION PROCESS While the MDMP seeks the optimal solu- tion, what process seeks a timely and ef- fective solution within the commander's intent, mission, and concept of opera- tion? 81. 1. compare situation to current order 2. determine that a decision is re- quired, and what type (1 & 2 performed concurrently or sequentially) 3. develop a COA 4. Refine and validate COA 5. Implement 5 steps to RAPID DECISIONMAKING & SYNCHRONIZATION PROCESS 82. assessment _______ is the determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating an effect, or achieving an objec- tive 83. Assessment What step in the operations process an- swers these questions: •Where are we? •What happened? •Why do we think it happened? •So what? •What are the likely future opportunities and risks? •What do we need to do? 84. •Monitoring the current situation to collect relevant information. •Evaluating progress toward at- taining end state conditions, achieving objectives, and per- forming tasks. •Recommending or directing ac- tion for improvement. What are the 3 activities of assessment? 15 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p 85. global environment in which the US President employs all the el- ements of national power (diplo- matic, informational, military, and economic or DIME). strategic environment - define 86. composite of the conditions, cir- cumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabil- ities and bear on the decisions of the commander operational environment - define 87. Threat - potential enemy to the United States. Does this define threat or hybrid threat: Any specific foreign nation or organiza- tion with intentions and military capabil- ities that suggest it could be adversarial or challenge the security interests of the United States, its friends, or allies 88. hybrid threat - Two or more dis- tinctly different potential ene- mies join together to fight the United States. Does this define threat or hybrid threat: A hybrid threat is the diverse and dynam- ic combination of regular and irregular forces as well as criminal elements all unified to achieve mutually benefiting ef- fects 89. - Refugees/IDPs - International humanitarian re- lief organizations - Media - Trans-national corporations - Armed security forces - Other civilians on the battlefield Name some third party actors (outside of nation-states and non-state actors) 90. - multi-domain - small armies on expanded hy- peractive battlefield - Nation-states have more diffi- culty in imposing their will with- in a politically, culturally, techno- ID the main characteristics (5) of the complex operational environments that are likely to impact land force operations in the future 16 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p logically, and strategically com- plex environment - Near-peer states more readi- ly compete below armed conflict making deterrence more chal- lenging - operations will take place within dense urban terrain 91. •Air Domain •Land Domain •Maritime Domain •Space Domain •Cyberspace Domain •Information Environment •Electromagnetic Spectrum MALICES (maritime, air, land, in- formation, cyber, electromagnet- ic, space) What are the environments to consider in MDO? 92. - physical (brick and mortar cen- tric) - informational (data centric) - cognitive (human centric) What 3 dimensions affect the informa- tion environment? 93. denied, disrupted, degraded space operational environment - D3SOE is a CONDITION of the Operational Environment. D3SOE 94. Political Military Economic Social Information Infrastructure Physical Environment Time PMESII-PT 17 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p 95. ADP What type of doctrine provides detailed information on fundamentals (ADP, FM, or ATP)? 96. FM - Describes how the Army ex- ecutes operations described in ADP What type of doctrine provides tactics and procedures (ADP, FM, or ATP)? 97. ATP - "Non-prescriptive ways or methods used to perform mis- sions, functions, or tasks" What type of doctrine provides tech- niques (ADP, FM, or ATP)? 98. U.S. Army Combined Arms Cen- ter (CAC) CG 1, 3,7, and 6-22 are chief of staff of the army Who is the proponent of ADPs (other than 1, 3,7, and 6-22) 99. anticipated, planned, or suspect- ed status Dashed framed shape 100. control measure symbol is an un- framed graphic used on maps and displays to regulate forces and warfighting functions - points, lines, or areas Control measure symbol - define 101. Look at those PPTs ADMIN NOTE: I went light on the military symbols 102. decoy, dummy, feint, or phoney icon is added to another symbol, such as equipment or installa- tion Symbol with dashed lines in a triangle 103. - unit designation (top left) - combat effectiveness (top right) - subordinate unit icons Task Organization Composition Sym- bols 104. synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the ac- Define "Unified Action: 18 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p tivities of governmental and non-governmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort 105. - shape the OE - prevent conflict - prevail in LSCO - consolidate gains What are the 4 U.S Army strategic roles in support of the joint force 106. Simultaneous execution of of- fense, defense, stability, and de- fense support of civil author- ities across multiple domains to shape operational environ- ments, prevent conflict, prevail in large-scale ground combat, and consolidate gains as part of uni- fied action Unified Land Operations 107. - offense - defense - stability - DSCA What are the decisive actions/tasks of ULO? (4) 108. ULO To cope with the OE, Army forces con- duct... 109. 1. Decisive actions (Offense, de- fense, stability, DSCA) 2. Mission command ULO are executed through ___1___ guided by __2___ 110. The continuous, simultaneous combinations of offensive, de- fensive, and stability or defense support of civil authorities tasks Decisive action - define 111. activities to make enduring any temporary operational success and to set the conditions for What are Army operations to consoli- date gains? 19 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p a sustainable security environ- ment, allowing for a transition of control to other legitimate au- thorities 112. Offensive, defensive, stability Operations conducted outside the Unit- ed States (3) 113. DSCA, offense, defense Operations conducted within the United States (3) 114. Flexibility Simultaneity Depth Synchronization 4 tenants of ULO 115. Mission Command Develop the Situation Through Action Combined Arms Adhere to Law of War Establish and Maintain Security Create Multiple Dilemmas for the Enemy What are the principles of ULO? 116. True Operational art applies to any forma- tion (ANY echelon) that must effectively arrange multiple, tactical actions in time, space, and purpose to achieve a strate- gic objective, in whole or in part - T/F 117. End state and Conditions Centers of Gravity Decisive Points Lines of Operations/Effort Operational Reach Basing Tempo Phasing and Transitions Elements of Operational Art in ULO 20 / 30

Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p Culmination Risk 118. ENDS: What is the force trying to accomplish? WAYS: What sequence of actions is most likely to attain these con- ditions? MEANS: What resources do we require, and how can they apply to the mission? RISK: What risks are associated with the sequence of actions? Describe "Ends, Ways, Means, and Risk" in terms of operational art 119. Source of power that provides moral or physical strength, free- dom of action, or will to act •Physical or Moral •Direct or Indirect approach COG is "the hub of all power and movement, on which everything depends." Center of gravity 120. Help commanders select clear, conclusive, attainable objectives that directly contribute to achiev- ing the end state. •Relates to the COG - key to at- tack or protect •DP enable commanders to seize, retain, or exploit the initiative. •Essential to mission accom- plishment Decisive points 121. a line that defines the direction- al orientation of a force in time and space in relation to the ene- my and that links the force with Lines of Operations 21 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p its base of operations and objec- tives. 122. is a line that links multiple tasks using the logic of purpose Lines of Effort 123. Distance and duration across which a joint force can success- fully employ military capabilities Function of intelligence, pro- tection, sustainment, endurance, and relative combat power. Operational reach 124. Supports the military operations of a unit and provides the nec- essary support and services for sustained operations. •Intermediate staging base •Logistics base •Base camp Basing 125. Relative speed and rhythm of mil- itary operations over time with respect to the enemy. 1.Synchronize complementary and reinforcing effects in time and space 2.Avoid unnecessary engage- ments 3.Mission command -> subordi- nate initiative Tempo 126. a planning and execution tool used to divide an operation in du- ration or activity Phasing 127. Transitions mark a change of fo- cus between phases or between the ongoing operation and exe- Transitions as it relates to phases 22 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p cution of a branch or sequel. 128. point in time and space at which a force no longer possesses the capability to continue its current form of operations. •Shift in relative combat power •Difficult to identify during stabil- ity operations •Is not a lasting condition Culmination 129. risk Ends, ways, and means being "out of balance" is a sign of _____ 130. 1. Deep - Close - Support (used to describe the operation in time and space). 2. Decisive - Shaping - Sustaining (used to articulate the operation in terms of purpose). 3. Main Effort- Supporting Efforts (used to designate the shifting prioritization of resources). list 3 operational frameworks to articu- late the concept of operations 131. An area of operations is an oper- ational area defined by the joint force commander for land and maritime forces that should be large enough to accomplish their missions and protect their forces - Contiguous - Non-Contiguous Area of operations 132. The geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of influencing operations by ma- neuver and fire support systems. The area of influence normally Area of influence 23 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p surrounds and includes the as- signed AO(s). 133. The area of concern to the com- mander, including the area of in- fluence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territo- ry. This area also includes areas occupied by enemy forces who could jeopardize the accomplish- ment of the mission. Area of interest 134. the operation that directly ac- complishes the mission. - commanders usually designate just 1 Decisive operations 135. the operations that establish conditions for the decisive oper- ation through effects on the ene- my, other actors, and the terrain. Shaping operations 136. enable the decisive operation or shaping operation by generating and maintaining combat power Sustaining operations 137. Art: decision making under un- certainty, multiple means to an end, understanding effects on Soldiers and enemy Science: physical capabilities, techniques, procedures Describe the differences between the art and science of tactics 138. describe the results or effects the commander wants to achieve - the WHAT (breach, defeat, fix, etc.) and WHY (deny, influence, protect, etc.) of a mission state- ment Tactical Mission Tasks 24 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p 139. purpose not only describes the why of the mission task, but also helps convey mission con- straints, indicates acceptable risk, and enables disciplined ini- tiative. What does the "purpose" (the WHY) of a tactical mission task convey? 140. - Build, operate, and defend the network - Attack and exploit enemy sys- tems - Gain situational understanding - Protect individuals and plat- forms What is the impact of CEMA (cyber elec- tromagnetic activities) in ULO? 141. To defeat enemy forces, destroy enemy forces, and gain control of terrain, resources, and popu- lation centers is the purpose of ______ operations Offensive 142. 4 Characteristics of offensive op- erations Audacity, concentration, surprise, and tempo 143. Envelopment, frontal assault, in- filtration, penetration, and turn- ing movement are the forms of maneuver for _______ opera- tions offensive 144. 4 types of offensive operations 1. Movement to Contact 2. Attack (lots of types of attack) 3. Exploitation 4. Pursuit 145. Transition to ___(2)___ of opera- tions after offensive operations defensive or stability operations. 146. attack 25 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p Ambush, Counterattack, Demon- stration, Feint, Raid, and Spoiling attack are all what type of offen- sive operations? 147. A form of attack designed to de- ceive the enemy as to the loca- tion or time of the decisive opera- tion by a display of force. Forces do not seek contact with the en- emy. Demonstration 148. A form of attack used to deceive the enemy as the location or time of the actual decisive operation. Forces seek direct fire contact with the enemy but avoid deci- sive engagement. Feint 149. How are the "feint" and "demon- stration" forms of attack similar and different? Both: deceive the enemy as to the loca- tion or time of the decisive operation Feint: seek to direct fire with enemy but avoid decisive engagement Demonstration: do not seek contact with enemy 150. 5 enabling operations Reconnaissance Security operations Troop movement Relief in place Passage of lines 151. Cover / screen / guard - place in order of increasing lev- els of combat power and increas- ing levels of security for the main body. screen --> guard --> cover 26 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p 152. What tactical enabling task? Movement to concentrate com- bat power at decisive points and times Troop movement 153. What tactical enabling task? unit replaced in an AO by incoming unit Relief in place 154. What tactical enabling task? force moves through another force's combat positions passage of lines 155. What tactical enabling task? iso- lated force by controlling all ground lines of communications and reinforcements Encirclement operations 156. 3 Desired Cyber/Electromagnetic (CEMA) Effects 1. Degrade. 2. Disrupt. 3. Destroy. 157. Components of Breaching Fun- damentals Support Breach Assault 158. Breaching Fundamentals (5) SOSRA 1. Suppress 2. Obscure 3. Secure 4. Reduce 5. Assault 159. Transition to Defense - 4 times - victory - culminating event - pause - change of mission from HHQ 160. When may a commander pause and transition to defense? 27 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p If s/he cannot anticipate securing de- cisive objectives before subordinate forces reach their culminating points. 161. 7 characteristics of defensive op- erations • PREPARATION • SECURITY • DISRUPTION • MASSING AND CONCENTRATION • FLEXIBILITY • MANEUVER • OPERATIONS IN DEPTH 162. 3 Types of defensive operations - area - mobile - retrograde 163. Area defense deny enemy forces access to designat- ed terrain for a specific time rather than destroying the enemy outright. deny enemy access to designated ter- rain for a specific time, limiting their free- dom of maneuver and channeling them into killing areas. 164. mobile defense destroy or defeat the enemy through a decisive attack by a striking force. The striking force is a dedicated counterat- tack force in a mobile defense consti- tuted with the bulk of available combat power. A fixing force supplements the striking force. force oriented defensive action that fo- cuses on the destruction of the enemy rather than the retention of terrain. 165. Retrograde defense organized movement away from the en- emy. 3 forms: delay, withdrawal, and retire- 28 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p ment. executed to gain time, preserve forces, place the enemy in unfavorable posi- tions, or avoid combat under undesirable conditions. 166. 3 forms of defensive operations Defense of a Linear Obstacle, Defense of a Perimeter, and Reverse Slope De- fense. 167. Goals of stability operations - Est Civil security. - Est Civil control. - Restore essential services. - Support to governance. - Support economic and infrastructure development. - Conduct security cooperation 168. 5 department of state stability sectors -Security. -Justice and reconciliation. -Humanitarian assistance and social well-being. -Governance and participation. -Economic stabilization and infrastruc- ture. 169. 6 Army stability tasks/lines of ef- fort Establish civil security Support civil control Restore essential services Support to governance Support to economic and infrastructure development Conduct security cooperation 170. Stability mechanism - definition & 4 types the primary method through which friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain conditions that support establish- ing a lasting, stable peace - control 29 / 30

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Midterm MLC Content - Mission Command & Operations Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9bg02p - compel - influence - support 171. Measures of Performance one stability operation assessment an indicator used to measure a friendly action that is tied to measuring task ac- complishment Is the stability task progressing/ or in the long run is it complete? 172. Measures of Effectiveness one stability operation assessment an indicator used to measure a cur- rent system state, with change indicated by comparing multiple observations over time. Focus on the results or consequences of task performance and provide info that guides decisions to take additional or alternate actions. MOE usually only after completing the activity or task 30 / 30

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