Milad-Essay

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Bahauddin Zakaria University, Multan *

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Shawnee Mission East High School Quick Submit Quick Submit Milad-Essay.docx Salman Malik Salman Malik Document Details Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414 Submission Date Nov 29, 2023, 7:24 AM CST Download Date Nov 29, 2023, 7:25 AM CST File Name Milad-Essay.docx File Size 13.0 KB 5 Pages 1,782 Words 10,888 Characters Page 1 of 7 - Cover Page Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414 Page 1 of 7 - Cover Page Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414

How much of this submission has been generated by AI? 0% of qualifying text in this submission has been determined to be generated by AI. Caution: Percentage may not indicate academic misconduct. Review required. It is essential to understand the limitations of AI detection before making decisions about a student's work. We encourage you to learn more about Turnitin's AI detection capabilities before using the tool. Frequently Asked Questions What does the percentage mean? The percentage shown in the AI writing detection indicator and in the AI writing report is the amount of qualifying text within the submission that Turnitin's AI writing detection model determines was generated by AI. Our testing has found that there is a higher incidence of false positives when the percentage is less than 20. In order to reduce the likelihood of misinterpretation, the AI indicator will display an asterisk for percentages less than 20 to call attention to the fact that the score is less reliable. However, the final decision on whether any misconduct has occurred rests with the reviewer/instructor. They should use the percentage as a means to start a formative conversation with their student and/or use it to examine the submitted assignment in greater detail according to their school's policies. How does Turnitin's indicator address false positives? Our model only processes qualifying text in the form of long-form writing. Long-form writing means individual sentences contained in paragraphs that make up a longer piece of written work, such as an essay, a dissertation, or an article, etc. Qualifying text that has been determined to be AI-generated will be highlighted blue on the submission text. Non-qualifying text, such as bullet points, annotated bibliographies, etc., will not be processed and can create disparity between the submission highlights and the percentage shown. What does 'qualifying text' mean? Sometimes false positives (incorrectly flagging human-written text as AI-generated), can include lists without a lot of structural variation, text that literally repeats itself, or text that has been paraphrased without developing new ideas. If our indicator shows a higher amount of AI writing in such text, we advise you to take that into consideration when looking at the percentage indicated. In a longer document with a mix of authentic writing and AI generated text, it can be difficult to exactly determine where the AI writing begins and original writing ends, but our model should give you a reliable guide to start conversations with the submitting student. Disclaimer Our AI writing assessment is designed to help educators identify text that might be prepared by a generative AI tool. Our AI writing assessment may not always be accurate (it may misidentify both human and AI-generated text) so it should not be used as the sole basis for adverse actions against a student. It takes further scrutiny and human judgment in conjunction with an organization's application of its specific academic policies to determine whether any academic misconduct has occurred. Page 2 of 7 - AI Writing Overview Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414 Page 2 of 7 - AI Writing Overview Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414

Introduction: The United States' reliance on private military contractors such as Mercenary (now Academi) has sparked several moral discussions and investigations since its establishment. This study examines the actions of Blackwater and the larger trend of outsourcing military services in order to probe the ethical consequences of America's reliance on private military contractors. This research will adhere to the based on consequence theory of a utilitarian which states that a behaviour is only morally permissible if it enhances the quantity of happiness for as many people as possible. We will use utilitarian theory to find out if Prince and the entire military contracting industry are maximising happiness.This article seeks to examine the ethical implications of our dependence on Blackwater by dissecting their role and the wider impacts of military service outsourcing. Utilitarianism will serve as the theoretical foundation for our analysis. Finding out whether these practises lead to more enjoyment is the main goal. Utilitarianism Overview: As an ethical philosophy, utilitarianism is based on the idea of maximising happiness for the greatest number of people. The core principle of Utilitarianism, which stems from consequentialism, is that an action is morally determinable by the sum of all the happiness it brings to the most people. The golden rule is simple: do what makes the most people happy while causing the least amount of pain for everyone involved. Utilitarianism promotes a quantitative view of ethics, suggesting that we should consider the pros and cons of certain actions and pick the one that will have the biggest positive impact on society as a whole. A dedication to the common good, prioritising the common good over personal gain, is implied by this consequentialist calculus. Using Utilitarianism as a framework, we will examine the American military contractor industry and determine if companies like Blackwater are acting in a way that maximises collective happiness by positively impacting the various stakeholders. Case Study 1: Blackwater Case Study Description: The private military contractor, once known as Castle and now as Academi, gained notoriety after participating in multiple high-profile military operations, the most notable of which were in Iraq. A watershed moment in Blackwater's history occurred in 2007 during the Nisour Square tragedy, when contractors from the firm murdered numerous defenceless civilians. This event shows how controversial Blackwater's operations are and how problematic the ethical questions are with contracting out military operations to private companies. The military relied heavily on Academi, once known as Blackwater, for a number of operations, the most significant of which were in Iraq. Erik Prince, a former Navy SEAL, established Blackwater in 1997 as a facility for training the police and military personnel. However, over time, it transformed into an exclusive institution military company (PMC) providing a wide range of services, including logistics, training, intelligence support, and security. As part of its military operations, Blackwater provided security services in areas affected by conflicts. The group became well-known for its work in protecting American citizens in Iraq and Afghanistan, including diplomats, government officials, and others. Many high-profile Page 3 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414 Page 3 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414

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individuals and places in these regions were guarded by Blackwater, a security firm contracted by the US government. After the event in Nisour Square, Baghdad, in 2007, Blackwater's activities became much more notorious. Seventeen Iraqi residents were killed and numerous others were injured in a shooting incident involving contractors from Blackwater. Concerns over the conduct, level of oversight, and accountability of private military contractors functioning in combat zones were highlighted by the incident. The involvement of private contractors like Blackwater in military missions has sparked debates over the ethics, responsibility, and efficacy of providing security and logistical support in disaster zones. The Blackwater scandals highlighted broader concerns about the use of private military contractors and raised questions about the effectiveness of oversight mechanisms, the likelihood of legislative immunity, and the ethical implications of outsourcing security functions to non-governmental organisations. After these events, there were passionate discussions on how private military contractors affect U.S. foreign policy and military engagements, and whether or not they should be regulated and held accountable. Application of Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism provides a framework for analysing Blackwater's activities by looking at how they will affect different groups and whether or not they adhere to the principles of maximising happiness for all. Utilitarians place a premium on caring for the people of Iraq, especially those who have been directly impacted by the events in Nisour Square. The Iraqi families impacted endured tremendous pain and tragedy as a consequence of the use of deadly force in a densely populated civilian location, which led to multiple civilian casualties. According to utilitarians, the local community suffered more bodily and mental harm as a result of Blackwater's security activities than they would have benefited from them. Assessing the influence on the military of the United States is another requirement of utilitarian analysis. The larger U.S. military operation in Iraq could be affected by Blackwater's activities, particularly if they are seen as disproportionate or unwarranted. The possible erosion of trust between local people and U.S. military troops due to negative opinions of private military contractors could impede the overall efficacy of U.S. military operations. In terms of utilitarianism, this would be seen as an undesirable outcome. Impact on the Reputation of the United States: Moreover, utilitarians would think about how it will affect the US's standing abroad. The episode at Nisour Square was heavily criticised and tarnished the image of the United States' dedication to ethical behaviour in war zones. Any damage to the United States' reputation would be considered a negative outcome from a utilitarian perspective since it could hinder diplomatic initiatives, strain relationships globally, and possibly cause further animosity towards the U.S. Conformity with Utilitarian Ideals: Page 4 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414 Page 4 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414

If one were to ask a utilitarian to assess whether Blackwater's activities were in line with the goals of maximising happiness, they would probably find that the costs, in terms of innocent lives lost and American prestige damaged, exceeded the benefits. From a utilitarian point of view, which prioritises minimising suffering while maximising overall well-being, the sad consequences and wider ramifications of the Nisour Square tragedy pose significant ethical questions. Case Study 2: Outsourcing Military Functions Case Study Description: The employment of private contractors to manage military operations is a prominent trend in contemporary warfare. This is standard procedure in many fields, including intelligence operations, logistics, and support services. Private military contractors have stepped in for regular soldiers in several roles during conflicts such as those in Afghanistan and Iraq. The military's effectiveness, the nature of combat, and moral questions of accountability and supervision are all profoundly impacted by this outsourcing. Significant Outsourcing Incidents and Their Repercussions: One prominent example of military operations being outsourced is the employment of private contractors in conflict zones to provide privacy, intelligence, and logistical support. Aegis Defence Services, Blackwater, DynCorp, and other prominent businesses have all been implicated in high-profile operations. In addition to satisfying immediate operational needs, outsourcing can significantly alter the dynamics of military engagement, the distribution of resources, and the potential blurring of lines between business and military goals. Some of the ethical difficulties raised by this activity include a lack of transparency and accountability as well as prioritising profit over the public good. Applying Utilitarianism: Analyse the Benefits and Drawbacks of Military Undercontracting: Examining the societal effects of military service outsourcing is necessary for a utilitarian perspective. There are risks associated with monitoring, accountability, and potential conflicts of interest when outsourcing, despite the fact that it can deliver specialised knowledge and cost- effective solutions. Ultimately, utilitarians would think about how outsourcing governmental functions to private companies affects the military's ability to do its job and society at large. Effects on Consortia of Interest: Various stakeholders must be considered in a utilitarian assessment. While outsourcing could make the military more efficient and flexible, it could also cause problems with discipline and cohesion. Potentially beneficial for taxpayers, savings raise concerns about transparency and efficiency. Global citizens may view large-scale outsourcing with scepticism, questioning its ethics and motivations. Utilitarians would consider these results to determine if the happiness of the affected stakeholders is maximised or diminished. Page 5 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414 Page 5 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414

Adherence to Utilitarian Principles: Utilitarianism, which emphasises the pursuit of maximum happiness for all parties concerned, should be considered while weighing the benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing military missions. Utilitarians would weigh the advantages of efficiency and cost-effectiveness against considerations of lessened accountability and ethical concerns. The majority of people's lives, including the lives of the military, taxpayers, and society at large, must be improved for outsourcing to be in line with utilitarian ideals. General Assessment: The complicated ethical landscape of the US reliance on military contractors has been illuminated by both the Blackwater case and the broader issue of military function outsourcing. We analysed the effects of outsourcing through a utilitarian perspective, including the impact on many groups of people, including locals, US military troops, taxpayers, and international figures. An essential takeaway is the intricate relationship between major risks, such reduced accountability and ethical concerns, and potential benefits, like efficiency and cost- effectiveness. We were able to completely understand the effects of private military contracting on overall enjoyment because utilitarianism provided a helpful framework for assessing these difficulties. Applying Utilitarian principles to Blackwater's actions presented significant moral challenges. The incident in Nisour Square highlighted the obvious costs and benefits, with the former including enhanced security and the latter included civilian casualties and damage to the United States' international reputation. The Utilitarian analysis spurs moral reflection on the difficulties of outsourcing military operations by highlighting the importance of considering the wellbeing of several stakeholders. Examining the outsourcing practise in its entirety brought to light concerns regarding accountability, transparency, and the potential erosion of military culture. Conclusion: In sum, the findings demonstrate that the United States faces significant and nuanced ethical dilemmas when it employs military contractors, notably Blackwater. A utilitarian analysis of Blackwater's actions revealed the ethical challenges associated with contracting out security tasks to private firms. The human toll and ethical challenges are starkly highlighted by the events at Nisour Square. Systemic issues, not merely individual incidents, were shown by the bigger case study on outsourcing military functions, casting doubt on the compatibility of corporate and public objectives. In the end, there needs to be constant examination and evaluation of the moral issue surrounding the US's utilisation of private military contractors. Utilitarianism, which places a premium on maximising happiness for the largest possible population, was a priceless resource for assessing the consequences and ethical implications of these activities. In order to achieve national goals in a fair, accountable, and everyone's well-being-first manner, the country must figure out how to balance security needs with ethical considerations. Reference : Page 6 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414 Page 6 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414

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Global Perspectives: Jeremy Scahill . (n.d.). Www.youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzWbfvi3i6c Page 7 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414 Page 7 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2766030414

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