Understanding Research Methods: Qualitative vs Quantitative

Research Methods Essay Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow a process system that involved defining a principle of research. General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research often involves a subjective element. There are differences designs in qualitative research in comparison to quantitative research . Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects; Quantitative involves data in the form of numbers and statistics. However, the researcher uses in–depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects view their world. In quantitative research the researcher uses precise measurement to predict hypotheses. Whereas, ...show more content... Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research "is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research. Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that trustworthiness could be judged by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability. For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative research report. In order to prevent researcher bias they can have other researchers point out Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

Reliability and Validity Essay Reliability and Validity are important aspects of research in the human services field. Without reliability and validity researchers results would be useless. This paper will define the types of reliability and validity and give examples of each. Examples of a data collection method and data collection instruments used in human services and managerial research will be given. This paper will look into why it is important to ensure that these data collection methods and instruments are both reliable and valid. Reliability is the consistency of your measurement, or the degree to which an instrument ensures the same way each time it is used under the same condition with the same subjects. In short, it is the repeatability of a measurement. A ...show more content... Consider an aptitude test that is designed to predict whether applicants to law school will succeed if admitted. We would be interested in the test's criterion validity , as it would tell us how well scores on the test are correlated with the particular criterion of success used to assess it. We would also be interested in the test's construct validity, as it provides insurance that we are measuring the concept (or construct) in question. There are other uses of validity that are of interest to us as well, such as the test's content validity, or how adequately it has sampled the universe of content it purports to measure. The concept of validity also has several different uses in research design, and in the following chapters we will examine specific experimental and no experimental designs and how well each fulfills its function. There are eight types of validity and they are the following: Construct validity: The degree to which the conceptualization of what is being measured or experimentally manipulated is what is claimed, such as the constructs that are measured by psychological tests or that serves as a link between independent and dependent variables. Content validity: The adequate sampling of the relevant material or content that a test purports to measure. Convergent and discriminant validity: The grounds established for a construct based on the convergence of related tests or behavior (convergent validity) and the Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Essay on Market Research Market Research Market research, one of the key factors to a businesses success in its industry. The primary function of market research is to identify the customers needs and views, also allows a business to access thorough information of the industry it's planning to work within, it also allows the company once its analysed the information to adjust how its run to cope with demand and other aspects which could affect the outcome of their profits at the end. Market research can be carried out through primary research, secondary research or both. It is also the promotion of the product/service, which a company is selling; promotion is vital to a company's success due to the fact that, if the ...show more content... Other methods of carrying out primary research include "test marketing " a new or service in a particular area of the country, using a test panel or setting up a consumer panel. For the survey to be valid the sample surveyed must be large enough to give significant results and it must be focused on a key audience/customer. It all depends on the product or service being surveyed. Secondary Research Secondary or desk research is the use of existing, already collected data. This could be anything from Department of Trade and Industry reports to a company's sale statistics. Also company reports, government statistics, and surveys published by research organisations can be used as secondary sources of information. Desk research is quicker and cheaper than field/secondary research, but findings are not necessarily accurate or always relevant to your product. In the results from the research of what a business has collected is vital to the businesses survival and the difference between whether it makes a loss or profit. The results are usually used in product development or the business aims to work around what they have found out and adapt to customers needs and the industry. Promotion Promotion is also a key area of marketing. Promotion is the process of how a business raises awareness of its product, many different techniques Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Methodology of Research Essay examples Methodology of Research The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need for my research with the questions that I have asked my targeted group of people. If the questionnaire provides me with my needed information, I will the produce more and send them out to a larger sample of people and obtain my ...show more content... Also using a questionnaire is a quick way to obtain information and can cover a wide area of matters with just a few questions, whereas if I had used an interview as my method it would of taken a much longer amount of time and I might of not been able to get the answers that I needed out of my candidates. Another bonus of using a questionnaire, would be that once I have received all of the information I will be able to put my findings into the relevant tables, and then I will be able to compare my findings to the secondary data that I have gathered with and will be able to do this with ease. Because I am establishing the role of women within working class households and the

effect that their roles have had on their families way of life. I need to be able to define what I class as a working class household ; which in my view is a family with either a mum or a dad or both that goes out to work and then comes home to look after that home and the family. Therefore I have asked questions to determine who in the household goes out to work and the sort of jobs that they do around the home. By asking these questions I feel that I will be able to differentiate between upper, lower and middle class households and therefore gather the information that I Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Fundamentals of Research Essay It has always been human nature to seek answers, find solutions to problems, observe, and bring awareness of discoveries. This process of inquiry has become more sophisticated and daunting throughout time. Nevertheless, curiosity and the need to progress remains the same. Many regard research as gathering information and using facts to support findings (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010, pg. 1–2). Nevertheless, Leedy and Ormrod (2010), define research as "a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information (data) in order to increase our understanding of a phenomenon about which we are interested or concerned" (Leedy & Ormond, 2010, pg. 2). Nunan's definition (as cited in Mustafa, 2011), describes research as having a ...show more content... Beyer (1985) describes critical thinking as "evaluating information or arguments in terms of their accuracy and worth" (as cited in Leedy & Ormrod, 2010, p. 31). For example, music teachers face the challenge of managing large classes with a variety of learning and behavioral needs. Music teachers do not have the proper training or resources to support students with disabilities and depend on other curriculum to plan according to the various learning needs in the class. Another challenge is optimizing time to plan appropriate music activities for various grade levels, and musical events in a tight schedule. The research will be based on critical thinking skills that will focus on the goal, thus finding alternative methods to improve and adapt the music curriculum (Leedy &Orrod, 2010, pg. 32). Nevertheless, to attain the goal, the researcher needs to have and design a plan. The origin of the "subproblems" lead to possible hypotheses. Using class size as an example, administrators have the freedom to create an instructional schedule in order to support the instructional needs of the school. Based on the state assessment, schools receive a grade, thus placing unnecessary stress on the students, teachers and administrators. As a result, schedules are designed around the core subjects giving language arts and math teachers' instructional support and common Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

Essay on Types Of Research Research is done everyday. Research is used in the many different situations managers encounter everyday. Research is part of the problem–solving manager do to make decisions. Research is defined as "the process of finding solutions to problem after thorough study and analysis of the situational factor" (Sekaran, p3, 2003). Managers use research for daily operational problem as well as bigger problems that can require hired research consultants. Managers who use research are able to communicate with the hired consultants because they understand the process of inquiry, investigation, examination, and explanation. Managers are also, capable of understanding the difference in good and bad studies, and can apply the research done to ...show more content... Applied research is "aimed at solving a currently experienced problem" (Sekaran, p10, 2003). This research can be as simple as finding solutions to daily operational problems. One problem managers consistently want research on is the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. The research found on the relationship of customer satisfaction and loyalty spans over the past decade. Many researchers argue that there is no relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty while others find direct correlations between the two and a business's profitability. In Roger Hadowell's study, he defines loyalty as both behavioral and attitude while conducting his research on a banking organization. He states that behaviors including continuance, increased relationship, and recommendations are all behaviors of loyalty to an organization (Hadowell, 1996). His research illustrates the "relationship of profitability to customer related outcomes that managers can influence directly" (Hadowell, 1996). His findings support the hypothesis that customer satisfaction influences customer loyalty increasing profitability. Hadowell addresses two difficulties that he encountered during his research. First, work with the organization in order to develop the ideal measurement system used for the research. Secondly, focus on data collected over a period of time with strong organizations (Hadowell, 1996). In the White Page Series, researcher Burke Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Career Research Essay "I feel sorry for the person who can't get genuinely excited about his work. Not only will he never be satisfied, but he will never achieve anything worthwhile" (Walter Chrysler). Deciding on what one wants to be in life can prove to be a demanding task. There are so many, yet limited, different opportunities in the world to have an excellent career and make a decent living while doing something one loves. It is limited because there are only a few specific career paths that someone could take to make good money. It is very difficult to make a fulfilling living being a garbage man. There are many different opportunities because, within these specific careers, there are usually various paths to take. Someone who has dreams to be a ...show more content... I am also interested in both design and math and as I was researching a job that incorporated these two skills I came across civil engineering. Right now I have to decide which job path would be the best one to take, counseling or civil engineering. Through the research shown below, I received an overwhelming amount of information on every little detail of these jobs. Psychology "Few fields of study offer more career opportunities than does psychology" (Sternburg 3). There are a wide selection of specialties a person could go into with a bachelor's degree in psychology. In graduate school, which is a must to attend, there is the option to explore the different specialities or to go into the desired specialty without any research of the others. There are also many options within a specific specialty. There is the option to be a teacher, to work for various organizations, be a speaker, to have your own practice, and many others. In the psychology field these options can all be combined. In fact it is expected of psychologists to do more activities involving their specialty than solely sit in an office and listen to patients. There are two specialities that I am interested in however, over the years, these specialties have become very similar. Clinical and counseling psychology have evolved to become one in the same. Someone who specializes in clinical psychology are more Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

Research Essay

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