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HR DEPARTMENTS IMPLEMENT ETHICAL POLICIES IN AN ORGANIZATION.
APPLYING CRITICAL EVALUATION TO AN HR MANAGER'S ROLE IN THIS
PROCESS
Module Code:
Module Title: Performance Management
Exam No: 10002283
Student No: 26691639 Exam date: 1
2
Table of Contents
Part A
.......................................................................................................................................................
3
EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS
................................................................................
3
Easily distracted
..................................................................................................................................
3
Lack of communication
.......................................................................................................................
5
Quality of work
...................................................................................................................................
6
Part B
.......................................................................................................................................................
7
STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
...........................................................................................
7
Performance Management
.................................................................................................................
7
Theories of performance management
..................................................................................................
8
Stakeholder Engagement
......................................................................................................................
10
The Role of Human Resource Management (HRM)
..............................................................................
11
References
.............................................................................................................................................
13
Appendix
...............................................................................................................................................
19
3
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Part A
EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS
For the purpose of this section, areas of strategic recommendations such as lack of
communication, being easily distracted and low quality of work will be critically
evaluated and justified. The rationale for the selection is as a result of the fact that Mr.
Steve got the lowest performance score in these areas of performance.
Easily distracted
Performance management is the organisation of work to achieve the best results
(Fowler: 1990). An employee who is easily distracted can have a negative impact on
productivity and overall performance. There are several ways to help an employee who
is easily distracted improve their performance. The first step is to identify the cause of
distraction. In this case, we know the employee has been abused domestically by a
former colleague. This has resulted in the employee losing motivation and becoming
easily distracted at work. The next step is to find ways to help them minimize
distractions. This includes making sure the work environment is conducive for work for
the employee. As a manager focused on improving the performance of the employee,
there are several ways we could work to make the environment more conducive for the
employee.
This could come in the form of providing a quieter, find ways to minimize interruptions
and reducing background noise that could add to the distractions for the employee.
Achieving these all depends on the employee and the set-up of the job. However,
according to Huselid, (1995) distinctive set of practices improves performance,
regardless of settings. (Huselid, 1995; Pfeffer, 1998a). So, breaking down tasks into
smaller manageable pieces can make it easy for employees to focus and stay on track.
Training will also be provided for the employee to help them develop the necessary
skills needed to perform better at work. This is where technology comes in. Hedman et
al (2015) asserts that the training can come in the form of online training for affected
employees. Online training can be a great way to improve employees' performance for
several reasons. This includes helping them have access to private training which many
employees prefer instead of having physical training sections where they can be
vulnerable. Technology is also a great help in boosting employee performance. With
4
technology, one can start employee assistance programs that can help the employee
get access to counselling, therapy, and resources to help support their mental well-
being. Realistic goals can also be set as another way to boost the performance of an
employee who is easily distracted. This method is supported by the expectancy theory
concept that emphasises that employees are motivated to perform better when they
believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, which in turn will lead to desired
outcomes such as rewards or recognition (Odine, 2016). This is a great way to improve
their performance and reduce distractions for a worker that has suffered from emotional
distress in the workplace (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2012)
Lack of communication
If an employee cannot communicate effectively or stops communicating entirely due to
abuse suffered in the workplace, the HR and/or the performance manager must
approach the situation with sensitivity and empathy. As a performance manager, to help
an employee improve their communication skill, a safe and supportive environment will
be provided for them (Husain and Zareen, 2013). This includes offering a confidential
and safe space to discuss their situation and providing any necessary resources such
as counseling or support groups. As a performance manager trying to get the best out of
every employee, encourage open communication to help this employee get comfortable
enough to communicate freely (Bucăţa et al., 2017) Providing an open and safe
environment for them to communicate freely can help the employee feel supported
which will lead to an improvement in communication which ultimately leads to an
improvement in performance. With the rise of HR-focused technology, performance
managers can utilise technology to help improve communication for an employee
battling lack of communication in the workplace. This includes using virtual
communication tools such as videoconferencing, instant messaging, and email, which
allows the employee to communicate with colleagues and managers from a safe and
confidential location. This can help the employee feel more comfortable communicating
and keep them connected to the workplace (O’Daniel & Rosenstein, 2008)).
5
Collaborative tools such as project management software can also help improve
employee communication abilities during the process. This software allows the
employee to communicate and collaborate with colleagues on projects and tasks
remotely. This can help the employee stay engaged with their work and feel more
connected to their team. Some employees can perform and communicate better in
remote working conditions, and it can be possible with the use of technology (Leonard,
Graham, & Bonucom, 2004). Remote work allows the employee to connect with the
workplace while improving communication and employee productivity. A remote setting
can help an employee battling with communication issues feel better and more valued
by the company. Also, a combination of all these and the use of performance
management tools such as tracking software can allow managers track the employee's
progress and provide feedback on their improvement in communication. This can help
the employee stay focused on their work and feel supported by their employer, which
can improve their communication and overall performance (Odine, 2015).
Technology can provide a range of tools and resources that can help improve
communication for an employee who is struggling with communication because of
domestic abuse. By leveraging virtual communication tools, collaborative tools, remote
work options, online resources, and performance management tools, employers can
support their employees and help them stay connected, engaged, and productive in the
workplace.
Quality of work
Domestic abuse is a serious issue that affects individuals in all aspects of their lives,
including their performance at work. As an HR and performance manager, it is essential
to take action and support the employee who is suffering. There are various ways to
help improve the employee's quality of work while still being sensitive to their situation.
Firstly, it is vital to offer the employee support and resources. The employee may feel
isolated, alone, and overwhelmed by their situation. It is essential to provide a safe and
confidential space for the employee to share their experiences, feelings, and concerns.
HR can provide the employee with access to resources such as counseling services,
support groups, and legal assistance (Armstrong, 2009). These resources can help the
6
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employee manage their situation and alleviate some of the stress they may be
experiencing, allowing them to focus more on their work (CIPD, 2013). Another way to
support the employee is by providing them with flexible work arrangements. The
employee may need time off to attend court dates, seek medical attention, or address
other domestic abuse-related issues. Providing them with the option to work remotely,
adjust their work hours, or take leave can help reduce their stress levels and improve
their quality of work (Chang and Birtch, 2010). Training and development opportunities can also help the employee improve their
performance. They may need to develop new skills or receive additional training to
handle their job responsibilities effectively. By providing the employee with the
necessary training and development opportunities, they can feel more confident in their
work, leading to an improvement in their quality of work (Kurvaas, 2011). Lastly, it is
essential to maintain a safe and respectful work environment. Employers must have a
zero-tolerance policy for any type of harassment, discrimination, or violence in the
workplace. In conclusion, supporting an employee who has suffered from domestic abuse is critical.
By providing them with resources, flexible work arrangements, regular communication,
training and development opportunities, and a safe work environment, employers can
help improve the employee's quality of work and overall well-being (Hutchinson, 2013).
Employers must take a compassionate approach when supporting their employees who
have experienced trauma, acknowledging the impact it has on their performance, and
providing the necessary support and accommodations to help them succeed (Armstrong
and Baron, 2005).
Part B
STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
Performance Management
Performance management is an essential aspect of any organisation's success, as it
plays a vital role in ensuring that the employees' efforts align with the business
7
objectives. According to Armstrong (2015), strategic performance management involves
aligning the employees' goals with the organisation's strategic objectives. Strategic performance management can help achieve these goals by aligning
employees' performance goals with the organisation's strategic objectives. According to
Armstrong (2006), aligning employee performance goals with the organisation's
strategic objectives can help create a sense of shared purpose among employees,
which can help enhance stakeholder engagement. Furthermore, strategic performance
management can also help improve employee engagement, which, in turn, can lead to
enhanced stakeholder engagement. According to Bauer et al. (2018), Strategic
performance management is a crucial component of any organisation's success, as it
enables organisations to align their goals with stakeholder interests, prioritise their
activities, allocate resources efficiently, and improve performance. Theories of performance management
The best fit approach is a performance management theory that emphasises the
importance of aligning an organisation's performance management system with its
overall strategy and structure. This approach recognises that there is no one-size-fits-all
approach to performance management and that different organisations may require
different performance management systems to achieve their goals (Neher & Maley,
2019). One of the key strengths of the best fit approach is its recognition that each
organisation has its unique needs and goals (Brown et al. 2019). However, one of the
weaknesses of the best fit approach is that it may lead to the development of
performance management systems that are not necessarily based on best practices
(Johnson, 2020). This can result in the development of performance management
systems that are not as effective or efficient as they could be. To address this
weakness, organisations must carefully evaluate the performance management
systems they develop to ensure that they are effective and efficient. This requires a
thorough understanding of best practices in performance management, as well as a
clear understanding of the organisation's specific needs and goals. Overall, the best fit
approach is a valuable performance management theory that recognises the
8
importance of tailoring the performance management system to fit the organisation's
specific needs and goals. The best practice approach is a performance management theory that emphasizes the
importance of adopting best practices in performance management, regardless of the
organisation's strategy and structure (Dudley & Nigel, 2008). This approach suggests
that there are certain universal practices that can lead to effective performance
management, such as providing regular feedback to employees and setting clear goals.
One of the key strengths of the best practice approach is that it provides a clear
framework for organisations to follow in designing performance management systems
(Barczak, Griffin, & Kahn. 2008). By adopting best practices, organisations can increase
their chances of success (Zhang, Linderman, & Schroeder. 2011). However, one of the
weaknesses of the best practice approach is that it may not consider the unique needs
of an organisation (Davies & Kochhar, 2002). Best practices are developed based on
general research and may not apply equally well to all organisations. Therefore,
organisations must carefully evaluate the best practices they adopt to ensure that they
are suitable for their unique needs (Theriou & Chatzoglou, 2008). For example, a small
organisation may not need a complex performance management system that is
designed for larger organisations, and a highly innovative organisation may require a
performance management system that emphasises creativity and risk-taking (Theriou &
Chatzoglou, 2014)
To address this weakness, organisations can combine the best practice approach with
the best fit approach (Heneman & Judge, 2017). By adopting best practices as a
general framework and tailoring them to fit the organisation's specific needs,
organisations can develop a performance management system that is both effective
and efficient. Overall, the best practice approach is a valuable performance
management theory that emphasises the importance of adopting best practices in
performance management. However, organisations must be careful to evaluate the best
practices they adopt to ensure that they are suitable for their unique needs (Stone &
Heslin, 2015).
9
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The AMO theory is a performance management theory that emphasizes the importance
of three factors in improving performance: ability, motivation, and opportunity (Boselie,
P. 2010). According to this theory, performance can be enhanced by improving these
three factors. For example, providing training to enhance employees' abilities, offering
incentives to increase motivation, and creating a supportive work environment to
improve opportunities can all lead to improved performance (Anne-Marie Finch, 2020).
One of the key strengths of the AMO theory is that it provides a holistic approach to
performance management, taking into account multiple factors that can impact
performance. This approach recognises that performance is not solely determined by
one factor but is the result of a combination of factors (Dessler, 2015). By focusing on
enhancing all three factors - ability, motivation, and opportunity - organisations can
develop a comprehensive performance management system that addresses all aspects
of performance. However, one of the weaknesses of the AMO theory is that it may not
provide specific guidance on how to improve performance. While the theory highlights
the importance of ability, motivation, and opportunity, it does not specify the specific
interventions or strategies that are most effective in enhancing these factors. Therefore,
organisations must carefully evaluate the AMO theory and identify the specific strategies
and interventions that are most effective in improving performance (Na Fu et al. 2013).
To address this weakness, organisations can combine the AMO theory with other
performance management theories. For example, organisations can use the best
practice approach to identify specific interventions and strategies that have been proven
to be effective in enhancing ability, motivation, and opportunity. By combining the AMO
theory with best practices, organisations can develop a comprehensive performance
management system that is both effective and efficient (Stone & Heslin, 2015). Stakeholder Engagement
Stakeholder engagement and the Performance Prism framework are two important
concepts that are closely related and can be used together to improve strategic
performance management
(
Adams, et al 2007). Engaging stakeholders is crucial for
organisations to gain a better understanding of their needs and expectations, which can
10
help them to develop more effective strategies and build trust and credibility with their
stakeholders
(
Johnston et al. (2020). On the other hand, the Performance Prism
framework provides a structured approach for identifying and understanding
stakeholders, as well as for developing strategies for engaging them. To use the
Performance Prism framework to improve stakeholder engagement, organizations need
to follow certain steps. First, they need to identify all of their stakeholders, both internal
and external. Once identified, organisations need to understand their stakeholders'
needs and expectations, which can be done through surveys, interviews, and focus
groups. After gaining a clear understanding of their stakeholders, organisations can
develop strategies for engaging them, tailored to the specific needs of each stakeholder
group. Finally, it is important to measure the effectiveness of engagement efforts by
tracking metrics such as stakeholder satisfaction, trust, and support (Miska, M.,Wells, D.
2021). The
performance
prism
model
The performance prism model
11
Image source: ACCA Global
By using the Performance Prism framework, organisations can align their performance
measurements with the requirements and expectations of their stakeholders, which can
lead to superior performance (Neely, 2002). For instance, tracking metrics like customer
satisfaction, loyalty, and retention can help organisations to win over sceptical
stakeholders like customers. Similarly, tracking metrics like employee satisfaction,
engagement, and turnover can help organisations better serve their employees (Neely
& Richards, 2021).
The Role of Human Resource Management (HRM)
Human resources also play a crucial role in talent management, including recruitment
and retention of employees who possess the requisite skills and competencies to help
the company achieve its strategic objectives (Nishii & Wright, 2018). HRM also helps in
creating a positive workplace culture that promotes employee engagement and fosters
employee commitment towards the organisation's goals. By designing and
implementing effective HR policies and procedures, human resources can create an
environment that encourages employees to remain motivated, committed, and
productive. This ultimately helps in achieving the strategic goals of the organisation
(Guest, 2017).
In conclusion, human resource management plays a vital role in strategic performance
management by ensuring that the organization's policies and processes are well-aligned
with its strategic goals, creating and monitoring performance indicators, providing
training and development opportunities, designing incentive and recognition plans, and
managing talent to achieve the organisation's strategic objectives. 12
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Appendix Performance Appraisal
Identified area of
development
What
practical
support will be
implemented Identify
what
specific
PM
concern it will
address
How will we know it’s
been successful
Identify
the
issue/combined issues
that you feel need
support
What will you do? How
will this happen? Who will
do this?
How will it support the
issue?
What would be the measure for
success?
19
Easily distracted
Going
through
domestic abuse affects
one
psychologically
and
been
easily
distracted becomes a
norm. distractions affect
the productivity of an
organisation, hence, to
support the employee,
the management will
come up with therapy
sections or send the
employee to therapy to
help her hear from the
abuse.
This will address the
issue of productivity
in the organisation.
The only way to measure the
success is by using the
performance appraisal form
to measure the improvement
of the employee’s quality of
work. Lateness to work
The organisation can
create a fair absence
and lateness policy that
will make the employee
try to come earlier to
work. In the UK, going late
to work is not
acceptable, but in this
case, the employee is
going
through
a
traumatic experience
that makes her late
because the thought
of coming to work
scares her. However,
creating a lateness
policy will help deal
with the issue f
lateness gradually. To measure the success of
this policy, the employee’s
movement will have to be
monitored to know the level
of improvement
Low performance
Be patient with the
employee. The poor
The
performance
reward will ensure
The measure for success will
be how employee has
20
performance is as a
result of the domestic
abuse. The deal with
this, the management
will have to encourage
the employee more to
sit up and come up with
rewards
for
best
performance in an
organisation
the client sits up and
focus on performing
better
developed
in
her
performance at work
Lack
of
communication
People who go through
abuse
hardly
communicate with their
colleagues
or
employers.
The
employee should be
placed in a position
where she has to talk
more and communicate
better
This will address the
performance
management issue of
communication. This can be measured by
how well the employee has
begun to communicate with
her team
Meeting deadlines
Tasks should be given
to the employee with
deadlines to meet to
enable her to become
more effective in the
organisation
This will address the
issue of performance
and turning up late
Deadlines will be set and as
the employee meets each
deadline, it should be
marked that way, one can
measure the employee’s
performance
Quality of work
The employee’s work
quality has dropped
and to deal with this
issue, the employee will
have to come up with
The training program
will
help
the
employee
improve
her work quality and
put more effort in the
This can be measured daily
on a scale of 1 to 10 so the
employee can monitor her
performance. 21
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training programs.
organisation
22
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