A3_key

Assignment 3 Due Date: Friday March 10 Name: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Section A) Each of the statements below illustrates a concept. For each statement, determine which concept is being illustrated. [2p.] [each 0.5p] 1. Linguistic Competence 2. Prescriptive Rules 3. Descriptive Statement 4. Universal a) All languages have a way of expressing negatives. [ 4 ] b) Many nouns in English are formed by adding - ness to an adjective [ 3 ] c) In the sentence “My friend is smarter than me”, me is incorrect because it is an object pronoun and this comparative construction requires the subject pronoun I . [ 2 ] d) Speakers of Canadian English know that one way to make question is to move an auxiliary verb to the position before the subject noun phrase. [ 1 ] Section B) Give the phonetic symbol for the last consonant in each of the following words. [2p.] [each 0.5p] a. Laugh [f] b. Myth [ θ̟ ] c. Lamb [m] d. Box [s] Section C) Decide which of the following words contain an aspirated voiceless stop.[1.5p] [each 0.25p] scratch talk segments pending stripe careful Decide which of the following words contain a velarized lateral. tall silly allow pull lamb meal Section D) Give the articulatory description that corresponds to each of the following phonetic symbols. [4p.] [each 1p/deduct 0.25 for each mistake/They should determine glottal state-place and manner of articulation for consonants; height, backness, roundedness for vowels] [æ] low front unrounded [j] voiced palatal glide

[f] voiceless labiodental fricative [ ʌ] mid central unrounded Section E) Each of the following groups of sounds contains at least one shared phonetic property. For each group, give some phonetic properties that sounds have in common. [2p.] [0.5p each] a. [b,d,g] : All are voiced or stops or voiced stops b. [j,r,n] : All are voiced c. [ ʃ,ʒ,tʃ] : All are palatal d. [ ɛ,æ,ɪ] : All are front vowels or lax vowels or unrounded vowels Section F) Give the correctly spelled English words for each of the following transcriptions.[2p.] [0.5p each / no partial credits] a. [w ərði] : wordy b. [tʃojs] : choice c. [p h ajp] : pipe d. [s ɑf ənd] : softened Section G) Identify the process(es) at work in each of the following:[5p.] [1p each/ no partial credits] a. [ æ sk] [ æks] metathesis b. [s ɪks θs ] [s ɪksts ] dissimilation c. [w ɑ ʃ] [w ɑr ʃ] epenthesis d. [s ændwɪt ʃ] [s æ̃ mwɪt ʃ] deletion e. [klir] [k əlir] epenthesis Section H) State whether each of the following pairs of words is a minimal pair. If yes, what sounds are contrastive: [4p.] [1p each: 0.5p for saying yes or no; 0.5p for distinguishing which sounds are contrastive] a. [ t ʃog ʊ r] ‘necklace’ and [ t ʃog ʊ l] ‘bracelet’ Yes. The meanings are different. [r] and [l] are distinctive b. [tel ʌm] ‘book’ and [t ɛl ʌm] ‘book’ No. The meanings are not different c. [k ət ɑge] ‘letter’ and [ k ət age] ‘fork’ Yes. The meanings are different. [a] and [ ɑ] are distinctive.

Section J) Draw the syllable tree for each of the words below:[6p.] a. parks b. splashdown c. trained d. lovely Each 1.5p. They should write phonetic representation. Deduct 0.5p if they don’t do so. 0.25p for each mistake in showing the Rhyme, Onset and Codas. Deduct 0.5p if they separate the diphthong

Section K) The following data is from Japanese. Determine whether [t], [tʃ] and [ts] belong to the same or different phonemes. You should discuss your answers: [5p.] The symbol [ts] is a single segment representing a voiceless alveolar affricate. [tatami] ‘mat’ [tsukue] ‘desk’ [tegami] ‘letter’ [ato] ‘later’ [tʃitʃi] ‘father’ [tsutsumu] ‘to wrap’ [ʃita] ‘under’ [kata] ‘person’ [matsu] ‘to wait’ [tatemono] ‘building’ [natsu] ‘summer’ [te] ‘hand’ [tʃizu] ‘map’ [utʃi] ‘house’ [koto] ‘fact’ [otoko] ‘male’ [tomodatʃi] ‘friend’ [tetsudau] ‘to help’ [totemo] ‘very’ No minimal pairs are found [1p.] . Checking the environment: /t/ [tʃ] / ___ [i] /t/ [ts] / ___ [u] [3p.] /t/ [t] / elsewhere /t/ [0.5p] [tʃ] [ts] [t] They are allophones of the same phoneme. [0.5p.] 1p for mentioning that there are no minimal pairs 3p for defining the environments correctly 1p for drawing the diagram and conclude that they belong to the same phoneme

Section M) For each of the words below, draw morphological trees. In case more than one tree is possible, draw both [8p.] [2p. each; deduct 0.25p for each node with wrong or missing category; deduct 0.25 if they forget to identify the affixes and roots correctly; deduct 1p. if they do upward tree; deduct 0.5p if they merge incorrectly] a. reusable b. rereads c. impersonal d. prepositional’