Reading Toolkit Part 4

1 Reading Toolkit Part 4: Language Structure, Literacy Knowledge, and Verbal Reasoning Erin Donegan Department of Education, Grand Canyon University SPD-578: Language Development Through Phonics and the Science of Reading James Narlock December 13, 2023

2 Part 1: Glossary https://emroberton.wixsite.com/ms-donegans-classroo Part 2: Strategies for Understanding Language Structure, Verbal Reasoning, and Literary Knowledge Grade Band: K-3 Content Area: English Language Arts (ELA) Task Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Syntax and Semantics (Describe two grade level appropriate instructional activities or strategies that could be used in the content areas to help students understand syntax and semantics.) Pull up a song on YouTube that involves structure within a sentence. For example, having the students know that a capital letter is always in the beginning of a sentence. It will help students remember to always have a capital letter for each sentence and to not forget it. Have picture cards and word cards, then have the students match the cards that go together. Teachers can use this during vocabulary lesson, they can have the students match the word cards with the correct picture cards. This will help the students understand the meaning of the word ( Teacher Ideas to Help a Child with Semantic Language Difficulties , 2011). Making Inferences and Figurative Language Devices (Describe two grade level appropriate instructional activities or strategies that could be used in the content areas to help students make inferences and identify and/or understand figurative language devices.) Go over the different parts of speech and then have them label the sentence on a piece of paper. Have a detailed picture and show the students, let them look it over for a couple of minutes then have them write a couple sentences about what is happening. Print Concepts and Types of Text (Describe two grade level appropriate instructional activities or strategies that could be used in the content areas to help students teach print concepts and distinctions between imaginative/literary and informational/expository text Hand out a worksheet with phrases and sentences on them. Give the students some time to circle which ones are sentences. Then go over the worksheet with the whole class. Have the students write paragraphs that use text structure patterns from the story that they have read.

4 Expository or information text are non-fiction text that gives facts and information about a topic ( Expository Text in the Classroom , n.d.). It is important to show students all different literacy texts. This will show them that they can get a different experience with all of them. There will be times when the text is there to get the information to the student instead of just reading the text to read. Students need to know the difference and know what the text is saying. From How to Teach Expository Text Structure to Facilitate Reading Comprehension saying “A student needs to be able to identify the cause and effect in the text especially when in science class.” Letting a student use a graphic organizer can help with reading structure when they are doing their work. Breaking down the information will help the students expand their knowledge as well as prepare them for what to look for in a text (Akhoondi, Malayeri, & Samad, 2018). Students will have an easier time finding the main idea, major ideas, and the supporting details in the text while they are reading. When students are given different teaching methods through text structure, it creates awareness and leads to permanent improvement in reading. When students see different types of text, it can help them picture the story better. Also, when students need to find topics for a project, or to just find something they are interested in, they can use informative/expository text. As a teacher, it is our job to help students in improving their reading. Showing different types of text will help with their comprehension skills. Students learn to break down the information that find in the text and apply it to critical thinking. Reference

5 Expository Text in the Classroom . (n.d.). https://www.uwo.ca/fhs/lwm/teaching/DLD2_2016_17/smith_teachingexpositorytext.pdf How to Teach Expository Text Structure to Facilitate Reading Comprehension | Reading Rockets . (n.d.). Www.readingrockets.org. https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/comprehension/articles/how-teach-expository-text- structure-facilitate-reading-comprehension Teacher Ideas to Help a Child With Semantic Language Difficulties . (2011). The Classroom | Empowering Students in Their College Journey. https://www.theclassroom.com/teacher- child-semantic-language-difficulties-8673769.html