HW8_pp_phoneme_allophone

Phonetics and Phonemics – Homework 7 Phonology 1: phoneme vs. allophone 1. What is a minimal pair (in your own words)? Why are the words ‘spread’ and ‘bread’ not a minimal pair ? 2. What does a minimal pair tell us about the sounds that are different between the two words? 3. Contrast the terms complementary distribution and free variation . 4. Tigrinya dataset: Note the upper table provides different verb constructions and the lower table provides a plural example. It does not matter whether these come from nouns or verbs, it matters where the sounds occur. [x] is a voiceless velar fricative. [ ܺ ] is a high, back, unrounded vowel. Perfect Imperfect Jussive Gloss k ԥ f ԥ te y ܺ x ԥ ff ܺ t y ܺ xf ԥ t ‘open’ m ԥ x ԥ re y ܺ mk ԥ r ‘advise’ m ԥ sk ԥ re y ܺ m ܺ sk ܺ r y ܺ m ԥ sk ܺ r ‘testify’ m ԥ sax ԥ re y ܺ m ԥ sax ܺ r y ܺ m ԥ sax ܺ r ‘testify again’ k ԥ lbi: ‘dog’ ௧ axa:lb ܺ ti: ‘dogs’ a. List the environments in which [k] and [x] occur. b. Determine whether or not [k] is in complementary distribution with [x] (that is, whether they are separate phonemes or allophones of the same phoneme) c. If they are phonemes, explain how you know this. If they are allophones, describe the environment in which each allophone occurs. Also, write this process out in words (something becomes something somewhere) d. If you described the sounds as allophones, what type of change is this (e.g., assimilation, dissimilation, epenthesis, deletion, metathesis, fortition, lenition). Thg diferinonlyonephonologidekmentteyemotbe.ca setheyaredfeeeinmorethanonephoneme.to soundsanediffrentphonemes.com plementaydistribution-dontorerlap.neveroccur.int sameenvironmentfreevariationitheycanappearintle.sn meenvironme.int/positionintkwordIt'sincomplementay distribution.Theyheallophones.cn 。 [ K ] [ x ] 2 - 2 a _ i S - 2 m _ ⼦ a-zi-fs-ii-oa.cn C. Tky 他 allophoresasthegcanocarindffeetenvironment.sn IX) alwagsoccursafterwwelsadikjcmocarangwhereelse.lk lturnsintoxjafawwe.IS ,