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Information Systems
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Feb 20, 2024
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IS 5800 – System Analysis and Design Module Concepts Assessment (MCA)
Module 1
1.
Describe the impact of information technology on society.
Information technology has changed the lifestyle of humans in many ways which includes Education, Business, Connections, Medical Care, and accessing Information.
Education:
Information Technology has changed the style of education by providing various online platforms for attending online classes and various Learning platforms where we can get information about any topic within seconds. This made the students very quicker way of learning
and grasping in less time. This not only made students smarter but also it makes easier way to explore things, learn them, and Visualize them. It also allows Collaborative learning and knowledge sharing for teachers and Students. Business: Information Technology has transformed the style of business operations. It made the business process to be a simpler way. Business owners can easily collaborate using IT and can advertise their products etc. It made them happen more efficiently, improved productivity, and also generating new ideas.
Medical Care: With the help of Information Technology people can now get their medical core access through online deliverables globally anywhere anytime. It also made it easy for patients to
consult their doctors online anytime for emergency purposes. 2. What Internet business strategy(ies) ridesharing services such as Uber and Lyft are using? Explain how they are disrupting traditional taxicab business models. Uber and Lyft are IES ridesharing services that use online business techniques to challenge traditional taxicab business models:
1. Mobile Apps
: Customers can easily book their trips, and track the trips while traveling, Customers can also track the details of their respective drives while they are traveling and safety measures will be also taken for emergency purposes. These applications are user-
friendly, where customers can be able to get information about pricing, and availability very easily.
2.
Demand Pricing: Uber and Lyft use demand pricing to regulate prices accordingly concerning the demand of the users. With the use of it, the price may get maximized and
motivate many more drivers to be available when needed for better pricing during peak hours or times when there is a high demand.
3.
Ratings and Feedback: Uber and Lyft allow both the passenger and driver to share their personal experience after the ride is completed. The passenger can provide feedback about the driver's ride experience so that it can be improved or changed accordingly whereas the driver can also share his experience with the passenger. Drivers are suggested to give the passenger a good ride so that he can receive good feedback. We cannot observe this type of system in traditional taxis.
3. Describe the business process of an ATM cash withdrawal using BPM.
An ATM cash withdrawal using Business Process Management (BPM) requires various stages to ensure a smooth and secure transaction. BPM is a methodical method for optimizing and controlling an organization's business operations. BPM includes the following actions when withdrawing cash from an ATM:
1.
User authentication:
To get started with the process User is pleased to put the Bank ATM card into the ATM Machine, before doing so user needs to check the card's validity. Now the user needs to validate their identification by giving their inputs like PIN. If the entered PIN does not match then the process gets terminated.
2.
Request for Transaction: Firstly the User needs to select the “Withdrawal cash “ Option
and then the system prompts the user to enter the desired amount the user wants to withdraw. 3.
Verification:
Now the System ensures whether the user has all the rights to withdraw and
also whether the desired amount entered by the user and the amount balance is correct. To cross-verify whether the funds are available and whether the withdrawal limitations are met or not.
4.
Cash Handout:
the system gives the desired amount requested by the user after cross-
verifying and meeting all the conditions.
5.
Receipt:
The system prints a receipt of the statement which includes the user's available balance, the amount withdrawn, and time, and then hands out the receipt to the user.
4.What are the main differences between the Waterfall Model, Object-Oriented, Agile, and Prototyping development?
Waterfall Model
:
This method follows a linear and sequential approach.
Every phase in this model completes the development process before moving on to the next step. Where the development process includes: requirement analysis, designing, implementation, testing, and deployment
In this model to manage and understand the project in a simple way the emphasis is placed on the extensive documentation at each stage.
Once the project is shifted to another phase it is difficult to change any mistakes or errors.
Object-Oriented
:
It mainly works on designing software as a collection of classes, and objects that encapsulate the data and also the behavior.
In this, the code reusability is done through the creation of classes and objects by enhancing maintainability and reducing redundancy of data.
Inheritance which means creating new classes based on existing ones, and Encapsulation which means that data hiding are the key principles in this model.
Agile methodology
It is characterized by iterative development cycles, delivering a small, working piece of software in each iteration. It also embraces changes in requirements even late in the development process.
Agile Methodologies respond well to customer feedback and evolving needs. It also encourages close collaboration among team members and involves customers throughout the development process.
Prototyping development
:
This development involves creating a working model of the software early in the development process to gather feedback and refine requirements.
It allows for rapid iteration and refinement based on user input.
5. Respond to both questions below:
a.
Describe the basic steps in the strategic planning process.
The basic steps in the strategic planning process is a involves:
Analysis:
First and foremost, the thing is to analyze the environment of the organization which includes strengths and weaknesses. These can be identified by assessing their organization's resources, The type of analysis is internal.
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Organizations also should analyze the chances and risks. Organizations need to go through the market trends and economic conditions -this type of analysis
is known as external analysis.
Vision:
Organizations should be clear with their vision which means that it should outline the desired purpose of the organization.
With a Clear vision it is easily understandable what the organization focuses on and what it is aspiring to achieve in the long term.
Mission:
Developing a mission describes the purposes, and goals, and aspires to reach those goals.
Objective:
It defines the organization's strategic goals, Operational goals, planning, and evaluating the performance that aligns with the mission and vision mentioned.
It Clearly Shows the targets to guide Strategic goals.
Implementation:
It is the most important step to be initiated by the organization.
All the above-mentioned goals, vision, and mission should be implemented with proper plan, allocation of resources
In this step all the plans should be converted into actions.
Tracking:
Organizations should establish a system that monitors and can track the progress of the implemented strategies.
Feedback and Improvements:
The feedback can be gathered from the Tracking process and organizations should make use of it and plan accordingly.
It involves changes needed, updating accordingly to the market demands.
Socializing:
Socializing the plans to relevant stakeholders makes clear and effective communication which makes each and everyone in the particular organization aware of the plans and take
their part in achieving the objectives.
b.
Then, consider this scenario: The vice president of accounting says to you, the IT director, “This request procedure takes too long. My people know what they are doing, and their systems requests are necessary and important.” She suggests that the
IT department bypass the initial steps and immediately get to work on her requests. What would you say to her?
“Firstly, Thank You mam for bringing this to my attention. I understand that the IT department bypasses the initial steps and urgently gets to work. We aim to ensure that the IT services are delivered efficiently while ensuring the reliability of our procedures. To provide an organized and thorough method for managing requests from all departments, the request procedure’s are in initial place.
The following steps can be followed:
Prioritizing the critical needs first allows us to allocate resources effectively.
This step allows us to assess and prioritize requests based on their impact on the organization.
Going through the developed procedure allows us to identify the problems that arise and dependencies before the work is initiated.
To maintain clear communication between IT and Other departments, the procedure needs to be followed strictly. It also helps in tracking the progress, setting goals updating
the stakeholders on the demand of their requests
The developed process helps us to maintain accountability for the work that is being done, It also lets us know that all the requests are exactly documented, and the necessary approvals are delivered.
I would like to appreciate your people for their understanding of their system requirements. To speed up the process, I would like to suggest we work together to crosscheck the request procedures and identify areas where we can clarify without missing the existing steps. This meetup will help us find a balance between efficiency and noting down the required checks and balances.